I’m not saying the central authorities create money, I’m saying they confer the privilege to do so. Minor players do not truly create money in this way because they are isolated from the financial sector as a whole. They don’t get to play at the big boys table, so their contribution is zero sum.
This starts to get outside the scope of the article, but it is not true that USD central authorities fully or even majority control the money supply through regulation. You can create a bank in UAE or many other jurisdictions with a local license that allows you to deal in USD completely outside the jurisdiction of US enforcement agencies. Even within the jurisdiction of US agencies, there is a shadow banking ecosystem that is poorly understood and highly illegible. Most USD are not created within the jurisdiction of US authorities because USD is an international trade and reserve currency.
Banks are regulated and restricted, but any entity who lends money would technically create money. Individuals are rarely at a size where they can do this, but hedge funds and insurance companies are.