Ok, so this is just OSX-KVM with extra steps. Seems like a very weird use case for Docker, but okay.
I set up OSX-KVM (https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM) and it worked really well. Having archlinux is a huge plus for this (it's why the docker image uses it), as qemu is super simple to setup and get running. Was surprised how easy it was, but given how much effort the bootloaders have had over the recent years for Hackintosh, qemu users can just yoink that bootloader and use it.
Seems like this solution would make it much simpler, as we used Docker for everything else.