Yes, but it's not pragmatic or intuitive to use the && operator as a stand in for an inline if statement in non-JSX-land. Doing this is something of an ugly anti-pattern, `let foo = bar > 12 && "there are dozens of us!"`. The fact that it works as an inline if for JSX is almost an accident that has now been abused into convention.
Just because it's an abused accident doesn't mean it's not just JavaScript. There's nothing JSX-specific about it.