Woman says she can’t quit job unless she pays employer $47,000
dailydot.com
dailydot.com
Now some of this seems excessive (one account in the article says 2 years, which is BS), but in this particular case it seems she was employed remotely and then they changed the terms of employment to require in office work.
In that case I would argue the relocation costs are entirely the fault of the business, not the employee and morally they have no right to charge her. Of course that has no meaning in the law, especially in anti-worker countries like the US.
The one thing that often gets difficult with these things is that you get charged tax on the signing bonus (as additional income), but when you are required to pay it back you're expected to pay the full amount pre-tax.
Your former employer should take care of the FICA part after you repay them. For federal income tax, you'll claim a tax credit when you file your return according to "Repayment over $3,000" under IRS Pub 525. State income tax may have a similar process, though it can vary depending on the state.
https://www.irs.gov/publications/p525#en_US_2022_publink1000...
In my specific case they sent over an amount to repay that was higher than what I calculated from my original contract, I asked for an itemized breakdown (the original communication just had a single flat number), and I never heard from them again. It was probably more expensive for their lawyers to double check the numbers than the amount they would have received from me.
This particular case is egregious since she only ended up with 10% of the bonus amount as cash due to ridiculously high moving costs.