I use lots of stackable transparent plastic boxes. Group all the common fungible items together in their own boxes like power, network, USB cables, USB plugs, USB adapters, etc.
Non-fungible stuff like drives, special adapters, and parts that go with other things that are stored separately: Avoid mixing them. Just keep all the drives in boxes with only drives. Use a label maker to label them and a textfile or spreadsheet or note in your password manager to describe more if needed.
Anything weird: verbosely write what it is for or goes with in sharpie on an appropriately sized Ziploc and stick it in, then store the Ziplocs in boxes.
Get lots of these boxes and many sizes of bags so you everything stays loose and easy to search. Perfect is the enemy of good, I don't think it's worth spending a lot of time doing this otherwise I might as well just throw it all away and re-buy stuff as needed.