Settings > Camera > Macro Control
There are some other cases (like if you have your finger over one camera it might switch) but that’s the really noticeable one. You’ll usually regret changing it though.
If I want 48 megapixel resolution and/or the added capture detail from ProRAW I'll turn on RAW+HEIC. That gives you a ProRaw you can edit after, as well as an "instant exposure" that basically just converts it to what you'd expect from HEIC mode. There is a tremendous amount of detail captured in the ProRaw shots that is processed away by the default app. As far as I know, you can't actually take 48 megapixel photos in the default camera app.
I seldom ever need to edit an individual file, because even if I'm shooting in 48mpx Halide will cook off an instagram-friendly edited version right away automatically. If I ever do want to tinker with the raw exposure, it's an option. The rest of the UI did take some fiddling to get used to, but I started out switching to Halide whenever I wanted to take a particularly good photo and before long I found myself using Halide for everything, because otherwise I'd be reviewing pictures and realize how much better one could have come out if I hadn't used the default app.
I found the official review of the 14 Pro camera by Halide's developer Lux to be a good primer on leveraging the app's capabilities: https://lux.camera/iphone-14-pro-camera-review-a-small-step-...
(Apologies for not seeing your response earlier.)