I'm not sure why you say it won't work with 14 balls, this is solvable with up to 27 balls in 3 weighs.
Weigh 1: 9 vs 9 (18 on balance), 9 off
Weigh 2: 3 vs 3 (6 on balance ), 3 off
Weigh 3: 1 vs 1 (2 on balance ), 1 off
Weigh 1: 9 vs 9 (18 on balance), 9 off
Weigh 2: 3 vs 3 (6 on balance ), 3 off
Weigh 3: 1 vs 1 (2 on balance ), 1 off
....and now I understand, you would only initially know there is a difference in weight, not which side had the heavier or lighter ball.
18 balls have 36>27 states.