For the disks: Vinyl can get permanently scratched. The disks can get warped. The playback needle can put too much force on the groove and damage it.
For the playback: It's incredibly difficult to get a motor to spin the disk at a perfectly uniform rate, so you get distortions in the frequencies being played back known as "wow" and "flutter". The groove is not the audio exactly as recorded, but instead equalized to lower bass frequencies so that the needle doesn't skip out of the groove. This RIAA equalization has to be undone for playback, and if it is done with analog components, it's never going to be exact.
Closest I can find so far - https://www.musictimes.com/articles/6349/20140526/7-great-al...
Vinyl records have limitations determined by design decisions and physical properties.
For example deep bass and stereo separation are reduced on vinyl or the stylus would jump out of the groove.
And vinyl records have a lot more noise than good digital formats.
Even if you had perfect humidity control + temperature control vacuum chambers storing these things, they'll still degrade over time due to other aging issues.
It doesn't even take that much time before these older technologies (vinyl, tape, etc. etc.) degrade permanently.