I thought The Goal was more generally applicable. Its core idea ("theory of constraints") is described in terms of a factory floor where different workstations have different throughputs/latencies/reliability; you could apply that to a diagram of a distributed system [0], CPU [1] or server [2].

Examples: [0] https://d1.awsstatic.com/architecture-diagrams/ArchitectureD... [1] https://chipsandcheese.com/2022/11/05/amds-zen-4-part-1-fron... [2] https://people.freebsd.org/~gallatin/talks/euro2021.pdf