Python and Ruby are implemented in C, not interpreted languages
CoffeeScript simply compiles code and does not perform static analysis
tsc is implemented in JS and performs static analysis which makes it (unsurprisingly) slow. I suppose you can make the argument that tsc should have an early exit for empty files but that's just unnecessary bloat to the code base.
Surprisingly, tsc doesn't have an option to skip type checking [1]. The best you can do is run using --skipLibCheck to skip checking node_modules.