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I don't know what the exact mechanism is in Germany, but it works. The only unwanted calls I get maybe once every couple months is random British headhunters who probably got my work number from an email signature or another professional contact some way or another. Otherwise, spam calls just aren't a thing here.

Yeah, but the problems isn't anymore local businesses spamming you. It's foreign people calling, most often with a spoofed local number that the telcos somehow "can't" figure out is not really calling from a different country when the sim was active just a minute ago locally.

Same in France. I never had a spam call from a French company

I get calls from abroad, the phishing kind. They are easy to block if you do not have business there.

There is a do not call me register here in Belgium. Not using this list and calling someone on the list, results in heavy fines.