The horizontal and vertical syncs[1] (along with the system clock) can be inputs on the video connector. That's what enabled all of the 3rd party genlock hardware. It was designed into the Agnus from the start.
Without that you'd need an external framebuffer like an infinite window TBC, which is much more expensive.
[1] ERSY mode: http://amigadev.elowar.com/read/ADCD_2.1/Hardware_Manual_gui...