Pollution cleanup method destroys toxic “forever chemicals”
news.ucr.edu
news.ucr.edu
This sounds like a self-solving problem: pollutants sinking deep, well past water table, near-impossible to get at, never to be seen again (and presumably recycled by Earth's geology in a hundred thousand years). What am I missing?
They are sometimes seen again.
> They are also somewhat volatile, so they sometimes migrate up. Sometimes as gases.
Also, I can imagine that while they stay on the bottom they still contaminate some water above slightly and continuously since molecules in liquids generally like to move around a bit.
(Also, takeout containers.)
See this from 1986, for example, which looks at chlorinated organics (granted, fluorinated organics are harder to break down to CO2 + non-reactive fluoride ions)
SUNDSTROM et al. (1986). Destruction of Halogenated Aliphatics by Ultraviolet Catalyzed Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 3(1)
https://sci-hub.se/10.1089/hwm.1986.3.101
Cleaning up after the fact is highly inefficient, it's far better to just ensure that facilities like Teflon factories aren't emitting any waste in the first place.
In Sweden we call “sale” a “realization”, meaning consumers pay the true cost without markup. I always say we’re realizing the wrong way - cost should quadruple for every H&M item we buy, and the money should go to enforcement of clean production.
Hard sell, but eventually a must; cut profit and increase price at the same time.
Recently I was looking for a tweed winter jacket only to realize that those are now also being treated with water resistant coatings!
Most use-cases people are out in the rain for stretches of 20min and run inside for shelter shortly after. Unless you work outdors or are on a day long hike/cycle there is no need to have this much 100% waterproof stuff. Waxed/greased materials or just wool do a good enough job for most mortals and have served us well for thousands of years.
The only other issue I see is that I have to reapply the coating about once a year, or after I machine-wash the jacket.
Overall these are very minor inconveniences. I wonder if anyone really needs the performance gains of these chemicals - you only see the advantage in really bad weather conditions over long periods of time. How many people are doing day-long hikes in pouring rain?
How many times have you seen ads for Gore-Tex anything? How many waxed canvas coats are you able to find in normal outdoor shops or in normal clothing retailers?
There is a lot of money in outdoor gear and it is all being spent on pushing high tech solutions.
You basically have to go out of your way to find some grandpa shop or 'out of fashion' clothing (mostly shops selling hunting clothing/gear) to find reasonable alternatives.
Look for Nikwax brand, which makes waterproofing products that are all PFC-free
The lady at the counter asked if I wanted a water repellent coating (PFC) on it for extra money. They are exposing toddlers to this crap for literally no benefit.
The pace at which we allow chemistry innovation to permiate consumer markets needs to be curbed.
Yes, but they're more expensive to manufacture. Capitalism is looking to min/max these things, as are consumers since people can't afford wool / waxed materials anymore - also because they can't find them anymore, except at specialist and smaller venues.
We tried shopping for new winter coats the other day, most of what we found was plastic or some cotton. The more expensive stuff we found was more polyester, but at 6x the price. There was no shop (on the high street) that sold anything woolen or cotton.
J Crew as well, when it’s on sale. https://www.jcrew.com/p/mens/categories/clothing/coats-and-j...
I sympathize, though, because in my quest to help you I checked two or three other places briefly (Macys, Everlane) and the offerings I found first all were wool blends
However, there is a remaining problem of removing these chemicals from everything else. What about crops grown in contaminated soil, or meat from animals who've eaten contaminated food? It seems that a lot of fish and shellfish may be contaminated. [1]
Messes are a lot easier to make than to clean up.
[1] https://www.fda.gov/food/chemical-contaminants-food/question...
One $50k grant? That seems like a tiny amount for possible fix to such a big problem.
It's a way of not putting all the eggs in one basket.
Better yet to have that paid for by taxing the outrageous profits of corporations that benefit from and produce the hazard.
Better third, pay for it by taxing the individual CEOs responsible.
Han X, Mingoia R, Snajdr S, Yang C, Nabb D. Uptake of perfluorooctanoate in freshly isolated hepatocytes from male and female rats. Toxicol Lett 2008;181:81–86.
Harada K, Inoue K, Morikawa A, Yoshinaga T, Saito N, Koizumi A. Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion. Environ Res 2005;99:253–261.
Taylor KW, Hoffman K, Thayer KA, Daniels JL. Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and menopause among women 20-65 years of age (NHANES). Environ Health Perspect 2014;122:145–150.
Park SK, Peng Q, Ding N, Mukherjee B, Harlow SD. Determinants of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in midlife women: evidence of racial/ethnic and geographic differences in PFAS exposure. Environ Res 2019;175:186–199.
Ding N, Harlow SD, Batterman S, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Longitudinal trends in perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances among multiethnic midlife women from 1999 to 2011: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Environ Int 2020;135:105381.
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Bjermo H, Darnerud PO, Pearson M, Barbieri HE, Lindroos AK, Nälsén C, Lindh CH, Jönsson BAG, Glynn A. Serum concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl acids and their associations with diet and personal characteristics among Swedish adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013;57:2206–2215.
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https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle...
But getting it out alone isn't the full story, it has to stop getting in first / as well.
> The patent-pending process infuses contaminated water with hydrogen, then blasts the water with high-energy, short-wavelength ultraviolet light. The hydrogen polarizes water molecules to make them more reactive, while the light catalyzes chemical reactions that destroy the pollutants, known as PFAS or poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances.
Oh. That does not sound like a process that I want happening inside my cells. So, yeah, what you said. No progress toward getting it out of people.
Then, if you're flushing your system with such pure water - maybe it does a good job on the liver and kidneys?
I drink A LOT of water each day... and what I would also like to know is if this system has any effect on the removal of fluoride from water (tap water)
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Side note: My dad was very good friends with the CEO of Alcoa for many years... and fluoride is a side product of aluminum manufacture, and the quote Ill never forget was "The reason the put fluoride in the water is they dont have any other place to put it - so they store it in your liver"
I dont know if that was a joke - but I was like 15 when he said it, so I wasnt sure if he was fn with me....
> In a meta-analysis, researchers from Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and China Medical University in Shenyang for the first time combined 27 studies and found strong indications that fluoride may adversely affect cognitive development in children.
My GF is from the UK where they fluoridate the water. Tap water is undrinkable (flavor) and should only be used after boiling (evaporates the fluoride and chlorine). She had pretty serious fluoridosis (demineralisation of her teeth) which sorted itself out while living here (NL, we're lucky to have fresh groundwater).
IMO, fluoride is fine for external use (in toothpaste), but shouldn't be consumed. If I may put on my conspiratorial tin-foil hat, it's a means of population control - keep them stupid and docile.
Fluoridated water doesn't taste any different than non-fluoridated water, so whatever taste the water in the UK has doesn't come from that, and leaving it out will not remove the fluoride through evaporation. That trick does work for chlorine though.
One conspiracy is that Nazi's or Russians used fluoridated water as a mind control substance that could make people stupid and willing to accept whatever they were told, but that's been repeatedly debunked. It might be exciting to think about, but there's nothing to support that fluoride (which often occurs naturally in water) has mind control properties. In the US all you have to do is look around you to see that people have zero problems resisting and complaining about the government (sometimes to their own detriment). The fluoride doesn't seem to be effective for anything but keeping teeth healthy.
As for harm to people's IQ, we don't have the evidence to support that at the levels added to municipal water, and I'd suggest a bigger contributor to the problem of lower IQs might be lead and mercury. We've been spooning heavy metals directly into our children's mouths for decades and you don't need conspiracy theory websites or weak research on children living on the other side of planet to know that it's been going on here in the US.
https://oversight.house.gov/news/press-releases/oversight-su...
It's not being done for government mind control reasons though (the government is calling for it to stop in this instance) instead it's being done because corporations are greedy, don't care who they poison if doing so will grant them higher profits, and the regulatory agencies which should protect us and our children are weak and captured by industry.
It's strange how conspiracy theories seem to take up people's attention causing them to passionately rail against myths while real atrocities are going on around them largely ignored.
Carbon filtration will remove any contaminants (e.g. Florida, chlorine) in your water through adsorption. For the money, you can't beat it.
Btw, it would be a bane of aluminum producers if they had to find safe ways to dispose of it, instead they get to sell it to utilities.
They're even thinking of reusing the existing natural gas lines throughout the country to transport hydrogen. Probably not to homes though.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
- “forever chemicals”… actually aren’t forever
- plastic never degrades… until we found the right enzyme for it
- were “past the point of no return” for greenhouse gasses temp increases… until we find a solution for it
the way these problems are communicated are done in a way it seems to scare people into thinking a certain way. but i think it reinforces the echo chamber for those who already believed it and just erodes trust instead for the rest
Forever chemicals are indeed forever, in the environment, because there are virtually no natural processes that break them down on human timescales. Many plastics similarly do not degrade in the environment on human scales.
It’s incumbent upon you, as a lay person, to understand that science isn’t categorical in nature. When scientists use phrases like “forever,” they’re making statements relative to the domain of interest.
That'll be journalists, not scientists.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_organic_pollutant
What we know changes.
To call something a "forever chemical" is talking in absolutes, and we should know that most things aren't absolute.
This may be a bit pedantic, but: it's not that what we know changes, per se. We weren't mistaken in thinking that plastic doesn't degrade.
We mean: as of now, we have no possible method to make plastic degrade. It _may be_ we will develop such a method in the future, but it's reckless to rely on the _possibility_ of a future discovery.
* We have found enzymes that degrade PET, which is highly recyclable anyway. There are no hints at all that we would be able to first find enzymes for the hundreds of other plastics, and then manufacture and release enough into the environment to make a difference.
* The seriousness of climate change has been communicated in every single way across the spectrum of possible approaches. Our civilization is simply not equipped to handle a problem of this magnitude. We are past the point of no return, and if you actually looked into our energy usage and what it would take to solve this with technology, you would come to the same conclusion. But feel free to keep denying it, makes no difference in the end.
Of course, it's a force that also has to compete with population increase.
I would hope people can understand that reporting is based on current knowledge and is subject to change in the future - especially in science.
You can't go back the way you came, reducing emissions again, even bringing the global temperature back down won't recreate the glaciers. Even if you get the temperature much lower, glaciers may not form at the same location again
We'll stil get it from food that uses untreated water to grow, and the wider environment still suffers, but it remains a big step.
Anyway, probably not, since the process requires hydrogen. I think if you're not near a water mains, other means of water purification will be a bit more important.
Or in other words, everyone deserves clean water.
I hope it sees widespread use soon. Only catch (I don't know) are the products really harmless?