The Emptiness of Downtown San Francisco
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
It emerges, blows up, drives out the local / native / intrinsic business, industry, and culture, collapse, and disappears, leaving a vacated wasteland.
This is part of the overall cycle and criticism.
The one possible bright light is that there's been another cycle of infrastructure development which, if not obsoleted by recent developments (tech itself, shifting culture, COVID-19 / post-Covid, etc.), might be the fertiliser for a new round of growth, whether that's native/local or yet another over-inflated investment bubble.
There are of course regions which never did recover from previous booms, notably rustbelts throughout the world of previously-industrialised areas.