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It's definitely not a standard name, but I call kind of reasoning error "active/passive bias": we're generally much more afraid of risks that manifest from action (mauled by a shark while swimming, getting in a car crash) than inaction (dying of obesity, getting hit by a car on the sidewalk).

In the case of COVID-19: you have to actively get the vaccine, meaning that people overweight its risks relative to the risks latent in not getting it.

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I think you're right, and an additional factor is that the vaccine is tangible and certain where the virus is invisible and may or may not be present in any given situation (and in unknown quantity).

At its core it may be more that people can't think past binary logic. Either something works or it doesn't work. Either something is perfectly safe or it is too risky. But that doesn't address why they don't apply the same logic to the virus itself (although there are some people on the flip side who still do).

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