> The actual difference is that when shown a picture and told "this is a cat", humans already know what to look for.

Yes exactly. You’ll look for 4 legs, a tail, pointy ears and graceful movement. All of that is data you’ve registered by your (primarily one) senses (sensors). You’re receiving more data, and processing it faster, than a program.

Humans are fundamentally pattern matchers, and we’re great at it. What you call concept I call pattern.