> Phone has a significantly higher chance of breaking.
_Breaking in_ is very hard since the security model for phones is very high, especially in cases of Pixels and iPhones. Even if a pin is used, the security chip makes it very hard to break in. If you mean also in case of losing it: Not as a small device that has much more higher chances of being lost.
> Edit: also, if I keep it on the phone, will Apple/Google deign grant me access to export my secrets on demand or will they deem I cannot be trusted with such power?
Don't know about that, since passkeys are still pretty new, but probably it will be an option. Does a yubikey allows you to export secrets?
Edit: typo