I used to work in China 2005-2017 off and on.... Air quality index in winter could hit ~800 in Changzhou - That experience was unreal.
It is a totally different type of pollution than California burning fires too... a lot of it is burning trash (plastic), industrial and/or automotive (motorbikes and diesel trucks).
I got used to changing clothes and taking a shower every time I came back to the house because I smelled so awful from the exhaust and pollution.
I left right before covid and this is definitely one of the things that is keeping me from going back after covid. It isn't healthy at all.