I stopped using my gas stove about 3 years ago, after it seemed to be causing histamine problems. It was only later that read that this was a known problem, rather than only a bizarre correlation I noticed. I now use an electric air fryer toaster oven, which causes only small particle increases.

I recently got a semi-credible-looking non-IoT air quality monitor (CO2, TVOC, PM1, PM2.5, temp, humidity). I can't say how good the self-calibration is, but when the readings vary up/down usually seems to make a lot of sense.

For CO2 (and other air quality concerns in this problematic old student apartment, in a crazy university neighborhood housing market), I almost always have a couple windows cracked open.

And, if I haven't had a central window open wide for awhile, I'll try a large air exchange with outside, by opening many windows wide for a few minutes.