Thanks for that math. Seems relatively cheap. How does it compare to gasoline?
https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/
Let's use $5/gallon.
According to random website https://motorask.com/semi-trucks-mileage/
> On average, semi-trucks get around 6.5 miles a gallon
But according to https://www.motorbiscuit.com/how-many-miles-per-gallon-do-se...
> Transporting freight from one location to another isn’t cheap. We all pay so much for shipping because semi-trucks are gas guzzlers. In the early ’70s, it was estimated that the average semi got about 5.6 MPG, but that amount has increased slightly. In 2014, new semi-trucks were required to get 7.2 MPG on average.
Heck, let's use 10 MPG.
500 miles ÷ 10 miles/gallon x $5/gallon = $250.
So even with liberal estimates in diesel's favor, unless my numbers are way off, electric comes out way ahead.
With a more pessimistic 6.5MPG, using mbell's math, that's 82 cents per mile in fuel. Electric is 19 cents per mile.
An average semi lasts 750,000 miles: https://www.tristatetruck.com/blog/posts/what-is-the-average...
Let's assume for a moment that Tesla has made a motor and batteries that will last that long (far from guaranteed). Heck, let's take some random internet claims at face value and say that the motor will last "millions" of miles and the batteries will last 300,000 miles: https://www.vehiclehistory.com/articles/how-many-miles-will-.... Will these batteries last 300k with a likely use case of being driven to their absolute maximum range every single day?
In that 300,000 miles, the fuel savings of electric will save you 300k * (0.82-0.19) = $189k. Replacing all the battery modules in a Model 3 (82kWh) will cost somewhere in the range of $25k. How much would replacing this giant battery cost?
It's possibly better, but the math isn't particularly clear.
Another question is: how much of the savings in fuel costs going to go to the operator and how much is going to go to Tesla in purchase price? 5 years ago it was announced at $180K, but it's certainly going to sell for a lot more than that. A Nikola Tre with 360 mile range goes for $270K, so it's quite possible that Tesla will charge $400K for theirs. So you might start off at about $250K in the hole so it'll be hundreds of thousands of miles before the Tesla is cheaper than a diesel.
The 500 mile range Tesla Semi cost $180,000 at launch. Let’s say they’re off by nearly a factor of 2, so new Semis will be $315,000. That means you’ll be able to buy 2 500 mile Tesla Semis for just the fuel savings from one.
https://agtransport.usda.gov/Fuel/Historical-Diesel-Fuel-Pri...
A fair assessment would be $3/gal (what it was prior to 2021). That changes the price dynamics rather quickly..
Further, you get less bang-for-your buck on electric vehicles in the cold. Everything from the breaks to the power runs less efficiently and you'll lose range / capacity.
I don't see this as a super good deal, though for potentially for short-haul (i.e. a few hundred mile) trucking situation(s).
One issue with most lithium chemistry is that it isn’t rechargeable below freezing - it causes permanent damage to the pack.
Practically speaking, this is solvable using in-pack heaters which divert the charging power to warming up the pack first. This takes time if it’s been allowed to sit. Laws of physics and all.
Charging these batteries is also going to take time, a lot of it, and significant charging infrastructure.
Short haul might go through a tank a day, but long haul often uses two drivers working in shifts and can cover 1000+ miles a day easily. It takes 30 minutes or less to refill a diesel long haul truck.
Unless they can get charging times down to an hour or less (which if it is a 875kwh pack like some folks think, that means literally megawatt sustained charging rates), it would require a major change in how long haul truckers work to have a chance.
Current superchargers max out at 250kw, which at max rates would take 3-4 hours to recharge, and they require a decent amount of expensive infrastructure to be able to support that.
If it is much cheaper, that could happen though!
If you plug in to charge immediately after driving, the temperature issue isn't a problem as both charging and discharging the battery produce some heat.
(Additionally, the "can't charge below freezing" is a chemistry-dependent thing... it's really only essential for certain chemistries like lithium-iron-phosphate, not the type they're using on the long range Tesla Semi... although acceptable charge rate does reduce at lower temperatures due to lower charge-carrier mobility IIRC.)
Stopping for 30 minutes to add another ~350 miles to the range will mean that a driver won't be limited by the truck in how long they can drive in a day. Additionally, charging is way safer than pumping diesel fuel, so drivers don't need to tend to their truck during charging (unlike fueling), freeing them up to rest or clean up or eat.
Tesla has done an excellent job installing Supercharging infrastructure in the last 10 years in the US (better than everyone else combined, although it's getting better), so installing Megacharging infrastructure seems like something they'll be easily capable of.
I also realize there may be other trade offs and costs involved. The energy cost was asked about so that’s what I answered.
FWIW: I own a 2017 Volt and love it. 50 miles all electric then another 350 or so ICE miles. Those 50 miles cover ~ 90% of its lifetime miles. Electric here is 0.11/kWh. I really wanted the flexibility of electric and gasoline having had reliability issues with both energy sources here in NC.
6.5mpg - I just Googled average MPG for a fully loaded Semi, could be wrong.
$5.313 - Most recent highway diesel price (https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/). I'd expect this is high due to fleet discounts and such.