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I was about to propose https://www.pygame.org/wiki/GettingStarted but then I saw that meanwhile there is https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html

Yes, the turtle graphics module has been in the Python standard library for some time.

Here are a couple of small programs using it, that I wrote a while ago:

Simple drawing program with Python turtle graphics:

https://jugad2.blogspot.com/2016/01/simple-drawing-program-w...

Square spiral - drawing with 3D effect (turtle graphics):

https://jugad2.blogspot.com/2016/08/square-spiral-drawing-wi...

I've also had very good luck with cairographics bindings in multiple languages. For python there is pycairo. But it does require installing the native cairographics libs on your system. That might be a deal breaker for you. Not sure.

as mentioned, pygame seems a common goto lib. Though it does a lot more than just graphics and animation, it does seem to be good with those too.