The only real difference between the Fediverse and Chatter Net is that in Chatter Net all messages are signed. To know the origin of a message you simply verify the signature. Whereas in the Fediverse you have to trust that the server authenticated the user and stored the data correctly.
The consequence is that in Chatter Net federation happens user-to-server, not server-to-server. That's because a server can trust messages coming from any arbitrary user, so long as it has a valid signature. The server can choose to filter messages from unknown users of course.
I think maybe a more important selling point, from that perspective, is that as a user of Chatter Net, you consume messages only from identities you trust (follow). So you can completely filter out unwanted communities. This will take a lot more work to correctly describe in the docs. And the implementation isn't fully sorted out yet either.