First version of Docker was released in 2013 and was a curiosity for a few years.

Kubernetes was launched in 2014, and similarly, was mostly a curiosity for a few years. Twitter at that time made an (probably?) unlucky bet on Mesos, a competing but not that similar technology, that is now pretty much dead.

Google Cloud launched it's VM service in beta in 2012. A lot of base AWS services did exist, but was similarly a curiosity: AWS 2012 revenue was 2 billion. This year they are on track to 80 billion.

I mean, even like J̶e̶n̶k̶i̶n̶s̶ and Kafka were barely a year old in 2012. Hadoop wouldn’t be replaced by Spark for 2 more years. Mesos was in its infancy.

Other companies had similar problems to solve, and they also had to build it themselves for the most part.

Bazel was released in 2015

kubernetes