I'd be super interested to see a study that examines how color blindness-aware design affects people without color blindness. Such design often completely avoids red hues, which are of huge importance as visual cues to normally sighted people. It's hard to imagine this doesn't have a negative impact somehow, yet I've never seen this discussed anywhere.
Remember that we are talking about data visualization, not color palettes in general. Red is not particularly important in data viz.
Consider that many non-color-blind Dota players use the colorblind settings because they like the colors better.
Traditionally, red is used to indicate problematic or dangerous values. This is backed up by a long cultural history, at least in the Western cultural context, that associates red with danger.
I'd say this fact alone makes the color red extremely important in data visualization. The current trend of "but some people can't see red, so let's just use yellow and blue everywhere" seems utterly inadequate for addressing both the importance of red and the problem of color blindness.
Of course restricting available colors affects the diversity of palettes, but often designs can accommodate both handily.
It's nearly 2023 and many, many charts are interactive. There's little excuse to at least having a color blind mode be opt-in for such things. If we're all looking at charts on our personal devices, then local accomodations render your entire argument moot.
You can have your cake and eat it too.
Where is the research to back this up? While I've seen tons of articles that go into great detail on how to simulate and accommodate various forms of colorblindness, the idea that those accommodations have no negative impact on the rest of the population appears to be taken as an axiom that somehow requires no data to support it.
I'm not sure I need data, most interfaces or designs you see already accommodate color blindness via simplicity. Those that do not can almost always do so by adjusting the palette subtly, with almost no perceptual difference for those who are not colorblind.
Obviously simulating colorblindness on a general graphics level is less effective, and I don't think anyone is suggesting we apply such filters universally.
The center of my argument is that it is easy with software, which has consumed the information world, to simply offer alternative viewing modes, of which colorblind modes are not very complicated.