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I haven't tried it but I imagine QEMU / UTM can do that. It's emulated though, and will have a non-negligible performance penalty.

qemu, but it will be slow because the kernel/processor can't do the heavy lifting.

in recent version of macos, you can run x86 app through rosetta inside arm VMs: https://docs.getutm.app/advanced/rosetta/

I did a few basic tests and the performances were quite impressive.

Equally the x64 emulation in Windows 11 works just fine if you run an ARM64 Windows 11 VM.

Why? ARM Windows can run x64 apps.