American companies are great of subscribing you to their spam mails without opt-in.
spammer.douch.nozzle/collect_request/JoeShmo_1x1-transparent-UUID_0se9a009fjwljwlfl2f.gif
but all the info the douch needs is in the "UUID", the rest is easily obfuscated.
If your email client renders renders images willy nilly, the image is enough to confirm a valid target (clicking "unsubscribe" isn't necessary to become victim but is a hard lock-in mechanism (A human is on the hook...)).
No. I’m talking about abuse-mails, I’ll reply to the top-level comment
I reckon they might be using this: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8058
This is pure speculation since I have no visibility into their inner workings, but it might just be possible that they would send a POST request on your behalf, at least to domains on some sort of a pre-approved list.
But looking at the list of addresses we blacklisted because of them, I now realize that those are actually all web.de and gmx.de (crappy German freemailers), so it seems the leaks only happen with them.