With some familiarity with linear algebra, it's easy to derive the formula for constructing a rotation matrix. You just have to think about what the operation does to the axes. The derivation for quaternion rotation is far more abstract, by virtue of the operation we actually care about involving a sandwich of multiplications with unclear 4 dimensional meaning. There's no hyperspheres with a rotation matrix.
Augmenting your space to handle not just rotations & scaling, but translations is easy for matrices, just requires a homogeneous coordinate and you get 4x4 matrices with intuitive columns.
Augmenting quaternions to handle translations requires the 8 dimensional dual-quaternions.
I definitely like geometric algebra, it's a very nice continuation of topics in linear algebra and makes it clear why things like normals behave differently from standard vectors. But I don't use it every day. I use standard linear algebra every day.