* inspect.lua [1] is the most popular one. It transforms any Lua value (including deeply nested tables) into human-readable strings. It is very useful for debugging all kinds of Lua projects, not just games. It is a partial reason why I got my current web dev job at Kong.
* middleclass [2] is somewhat popular amongst people coming into Lua from OOP languages. I don't use it myself anymore and consider it a bit of a "clutch". Still, it has helped a lot of people.
* bump.lua [3] is a box-based collision detection and resolution library. The later part has some known bugs I never figured out. Still has been used by some people to do some fun stuff.
* gamera.lua [4] is a minimalist camera-system for LÖVE.
* anim8 [5] is an animation library for LÖVE
There's many other projects on my github profile. I must warn you that they are all in several degrees of disrepair, I pretty much abandoned all of my open source efforts when my first child was born. Ran out of free time and energy.
These days, when I want to scratch my game-making itch, I fire up PICO-8, an even more minimalistic gamedev environment than LÖVE. I find the limitations it imposes refreshing. It also means that I cannot use most of my old libraries. Which is fine.
[1] https://github.com/kikito/inspect.lua
[2] https://github.com/kikito/middleclass
[3] https://github.com/kikito/bump.lua