> But if you printed money endlessly and gave it all to Jeff Bezos, there would be no competitive pressure to see prices rise in the general economy. He might try to buy up all the real estate or stocks, driving asset inflation, but there is little reason for him to buy up all the bread to see it appear in CPI where we measure general inflation.

The connection isn't all that obvious, but there is indeed a connection between fresh money being invested in financial asset XY and price for bread rising. Even though the investor did not buy up piles of bread, they created pressure on some scarce resources in the value chain on the way to bread. Those are energy, base materials, labour force, ...

Whenever an institution (central bank, commercial bank, ..) creates fresh money and this money gets invested in something, a portion of total global resource allocation (towards different end products) gets shifted. Shifted means that some end products see an increase of costs in their value chain, which leads to higher prices.

Example: commercial banks in some country xy are allowed to lend more due to some changes in the rules for fractional reserve banking. The banks currently have some kind of skew in their allocation of lending, meaning they don't just lend exactly proportional to current total allocation of credit. Let's say they lend more (in respect to current allocation) to real estate development businesses than to bakeries. This means that the real estate sector now has more bidding power for all the scarce resources (energy, raw materials, ...) than the bread sector. So there's new demand for energy from the real estate sector which makes energy prices rise. Voilà, bakeries spend more on energy, bread prices rise as well.

And all that without "someone buying up all the bread".

Injecting fresh money in the financial sector will lead to real world resource reallocation, which will put pressure on sectors that don't even seem to be involved.