It is possible to set your registry in NPM via the "npmrc" file. That will let you hit the specified HTTP server whenever you run commands like "npm install".
I know this is also possible for Python because we did it at Uber. I don't remember the specific details anymore though.
In either case though, a lot of people have written proxies for this use case (I helped write one for NPM at Uber). Companies like Bytesafe and Artifactory also exist in this space.
We're working on something similar that's on GitHub here: https://github.com/lunasec-io/lunasec
Proxy support isn't built out yet but the data is all there already.