Whole books could be written about this. I limit myself to a few areas which are important in modern software development.
Set theory Set theory is encountered at every turn. Arrays, merge, filter. Especially in the SQL area the creation of collections is nothing else than set theory.
Functional Programming If you understand the basics of mathematical functions, you can easily get into functional programming and also realize how extremely lousy the clumsy explanations of others on this topic are, when they try to deal with the topic without mentioning mathematical concepts.
Nuances Apple's Swift language uses the keyword "let". It comes from mathematics: let a = 3. People without a mathematical background often grumble, which is why the otherwise common term "var" is not used. A subtle test on math from Apple and thus also an homage.
Sorting, graphs Hardly anyone needs to implement sorting procedures by hand, but knowing them can be very helpful and used to be very, when every millisecond and every byte counted. It is similar with graphs. An extremely powerful tool, and very simple in the basics.
Data Science DS is, in simple terms, applied mathematics, not magic.
Compression algorithms, 3d games, matrix multiplication, generative art - I stop at that point. Apple/Google Maps wouldn't exist in the form it does if it weren't for graphs, generative art, and much else.
In short, math helps very much in every way. If only to realize how little others understand about it and want to fill the vacuum with marketing terms, as from my point of view just in the field of Data Science.
If you just want to cobble together a few buttons for a frontend, you can get by just fine without math. Otherwise, it helps a lot not to neglect the subject, because it's fun.