I remember pretty early demos in early/mid 2000s when I was doing some clinical grunt work in college. I had written some software to make my department’s life easier so I was offered up as the hospital’s liaison for the software evaluation. This is when I formed my “never replace a terminal based app, with a GUI based app and expect productivity gains” theory. Everyone working in the hospital knew the terminal app, they type in some random 3 letter code and a screen would pop up. Then they would memorize how many tabs each field was apart from each other. Without a mouse, people could just hum along imputing data a blazing speed once some muscle memory was in place. Everyone had little cheat sheets printed out for the less frequently used commands/codes. When you replace this with a browser/desktop GUI with selectors and drop downs and reactive components of GUI, it tends to 1) require mouse usage for most people and 2) lose the ability to do this quick data entry I described. The pretty interface becomes a steady stream of speed bumps that reduce productivity. Since then I’ve witnessed it in banking and other industries too.