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They are not. Cash was built using unlinked refunds over visa to do direct deposit onto visa debit cards. For ACH, it uses normal ACH rails.

Zelle…was built by the big banks…

> Cash was built using unlinked refunds over visa to do direct deposit onto visa

That sorta sounds like violating visa tos?

Nah, they just used a hack before working directly with visa to create a standard for this

Zelle is absolutely bad, imo. It's like an incomplete Paypal but with a $3.5k transaction limit.

Zelle is a direct bank transfer system.