Hunting down the similar words between Japanese and Turkish

  > I think, for some of the words I will share with you at the end,
  > there is a high likelihood of those words having Chinese roots
  > rather than Japanese.

A rough (but not perfect) way to decide if a Japanese term is derived from Chinese is that it is composed of two or more kanji. Often you'll see a single-kanji word with Japanese pronunciation, and the same kanji in a compound use the Chinese pronunciation.

Examples from the article include 「感情」 (kan-jou), 「同士」 (dou-shi), 「反射」 (han-sha).

I'd also be careful about using jisho.org as a source without cross-checking to make sure you got the correct meaning. Some of the examples given in OP are wrong, for example 「同士」 is a suffix used to indicate a relationship is mutual -- 同僚 (coworker) + 同士 = 同僚同士 (coworkers) -- and 「大きい」 means "large", not "a lot" (which would be 「多い」 (oo-i).