As a person who grew up having Hokkien as my first language, I've feared that Hokkien might go extinct over time. Having a formal English and Mandarin Chinese education had pretty much started to erase my Hokkien knowledge. I'm glad that AI technologies can be used to preserve this language.
Going extinct would be sad, sure, but I'm not sure that the effort required to not make it so would be worth it. Putting children through thousands of hours of education in another language, for what exactly? If I have kids, I'm not sure I'd be willing to put them through all that work for a nearly dead language. They're not gonna use it to speak with their peers, or to open up communication with another group of people, it's just preservation for the sake of preservation.
After all, the nineteenth century saw the consolidation of national languages and elimination of regional dialects in the name of fostering nationalism, which continued in the twentieth but also saw the revival of languages like Irish or Hebrew for new nationalisms.
Also, the differentiation potential is somewhat limited due to the fact that the majority of Hokkien speakers lives in Fujian province on the mainland (Hokkien = Fujian) and there's some preservation work going on there as well. E.g. Xiamen University's Speech Lab had a working demo of spoken-Hokkien-to-written-Mandarin translation in 2018, although the link shortener they used has since suffered from link rot. https://speech.xmu.edu.cn/2018/1215/c18169a359542/page.htm
Also, Hokkien interest is present even outside of that geopolitical flashpoint:
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/stories-behind-tiktok-...
Of course Mandarin, is more "useful" in a purely pragmatic way but languages are social things, they're tied to culture, they help create relationships with other people who speak those languages (I have plenty of Teo Chew friends who have made very good friends with others from different country because they are kakinang) and speaking multiple languages is always worth keeping.
Plus even besides this, having a multilingual home, regardless of the usefulness of the languages that are spoken, is associated with a lot of cognitive benefits for children so the thousands of hours learning a different language are useful.
The day every person on Earth speaks some shared common language (ideally one so straightforward that it can be learned by children within a year or so) will be a day I'd celebrate as a monumental milestone in the development of our species.
It's fine if people know other languages too, but having that shared global one is vital.
I'm happy to lose innumerable untranslatable phrases and cultural understandings in service of this.
Cultural spheres have always managed to come up with a lingua franca that enabled them to exchange ideas. English fills that role currently and will probably endure to dominate. Even if something goes monumentally wrong with the Anglosphere, it will endure until another language manages to step up to that role.
Children are perfectly able to learn multiple languages within a few years by pure immersion. I can't see what further optimization here would achieve.
Still, judging by the events of the past, languages that are not sanctioned by some state will probably all die out by the end of this century. Further erosion is very unlikely though. The language of any country with at least, say, 50 millions speakers is probably safe.
[1] (ASL speakers claim to 'think' in sign)
In this sense, we would exchange information that was of a higher order than language. For example, a complex idea like "the location where I will meet you for lunch this afternoon" would be independent of the verbal language we use it to express it.
We can see a similar (albeit more limited) exchange of language-independent structural ideas in mathematics. We distinguish between "numbers" (the idea of a quantity) and "numerals" (the symbols we use to describe that quantity). For example, `III`, `three`, `3`, `5 - 2`, and `the number of complete revolutions made by rotating 6*pi radians` are all ways of defining and representing the same common idea — "the number three". Going back to the previous example, imagine if an idea "where I'll meet you for lunch today" could be universally and unambiguously shared in a similar way, and you'll get a rough approximation of what perfect telepathy and perfect comprehension would be like.
Every time that I have a word on the tip of my tongue I have an idea in mind that I wish to express, but I simply cannot remember the word to convey the concept. That is to say that I've already thought of the idea and am now merely looking for a way to express it.
However, I think that "thinking out loud" in your head has benefits. It makes the idea you wish to express more concrete and lets you iterate on it more easily. Think of it like writing down an equation when doing math: it gets easier to reason about it when it's expressed externally. I think ideas and thinking verbally in your head work the same way.
So, The idea of thinking without directly using language is less foreign to me than many. Nevertheless, I'll still sometimes use 'words' internally to reason things through which are too complex to solve intuitively, or when enacting a procedure I learned from someone else.
It's not clear to me that the engrams you imagine wouldn't just be a symbolic language under another name. I suppose if they were continuous in some vast highly dimensional space ... but even then one could discretize them at the resolution of distinguishable ideas and it's a symbolic language again. :)
The way to preserve a language is putting humans in the loop. Creating content in that language; interestingly more and more shows are produced in Taiwan in or using non-Mandarin languages as a political way to mark a difference with the big neighbour. And having government support, notably at school (at young age) by allowing partial or total teaching in the language to be preserved.
To put it another way, in 10 years when I visit China I could probably have an in-depth conversation without ever knowing Chinese.
I’d the Chinese can come to a university and never need to learn English, they won’t. Your parents and community will teach out to speak and that’ll be the end of it.
It’ll be closer to the Tower of Babel scenario. Every community will have their own language and dialect and the AI will just adapt. If a solar flare takes out electronics we won’t be able to understand each other.
Alternatively, the AI will teach us to speak or an implant will teach us similar to the matrix.
Those are the scenarios in the next 25-30 years I see.
Doubt it. When you learn a language you learn a lot more than the translation, you learn thinking and connotations that require a broader understanding that never get captured regardless of the translation quality, because they require knowing history and seeing previous uses in context that can't be captured in the translation.
"Good" translation will do for language what wikipedia has done for knowledge. Everyone will get a superficial understanding, some will pretend that reading off a definitions is the same as actually knowing something, and the world will get a lot more shallow, empty conversations.
In some languages, DeepL has near perfect translation to the point you cannot really tell if it was translated.
preposterous. having an indepth discussion with a foreigner requires not only the language but also the understanding of the cultural context.
It's also counterproductive to let humans learn a language of limited content resources and use cases.
Taiwan people are highly educated and urbanized. It's much harder to use Taiwanese in Taiwan compared to High German in a Pennsylvanian Amish village.
I don't know how to express clearly in Taiwanese "GPS in my neighborhood has a 100x lower accuracy because of radio interference" or "move this MOSFET up by 15mm to balance the PCB thermal stress". If you still have to switch to Chinese or English from time to time, why not just use the popular languages?
Even Japanese, a language used by 125 million, has similar issues, my Japanese coworkers frequently switch to English during technical discussions.
Yes, it is possible to do everything 100% in Japanese, with the only English being the keywords of whatever programming system you are working with. However, that is more the exception than the rule, especially in larger teams that need to work overseas.
[0] Creator of Super Smash Bros. and Kirby
[1] "Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games"
There are of course aesthetic/logistics reasons behind "code the stuff in English" (if only cuz your code is going into an ASCII codepage, and ... yeah, sharing). But the language used in teams is pretty company-culture dependent, and "we do all of our work in English" lands in a very restricted set of companies. Probably Finance is the one where that culture is there, but most tech companies.... there are higher-than-average english language levels in these places, but if there's no other English-preferer (foreigners, but also returnees or people who just like English a lot) in the room? Not happening
Your example for difficult use is particularly apt in that you’re choosing to focus on specialized technical examples, which often default to international lingua franca anyway, often English.
I doubt that day to day use of Taigi in Taiwanese communities is as rare and difficult as you say. Maybe in highly educated and urbanized Taipei, but have you even been to the southern countryside?
El GPS en mi barrio tiene precisión cien veces peor debido a la interferencia de radio. mueve este MOSFET 15mm hacia arriba para balancia de estrés térmico a la placa.
I believe you can "invent" a Taiwanese sentence to mean the above, but there is no consensus among Taiwanese speakers in how to say them, so they would need your explanations of what your chosen words mean. If you borrow Chinese words, your sentence will be no much different from the Chinese sentence.
For your question -- yes you can scrape by with only Taiwanese, just like you can live in some areas in the US speaking only Spanish. But to do anything more, like riding a train to another Spanish speaking area, you could meet a conductor who have to open the translator app for you.
I also lived in the Guishan/Linkou area for a year and heard a lot more Taiwanese than Mandarin in day to day life.
This is really not common and if anything it's something unheard of to me. I work in an English speaking company in Japan and most of my coworkers (who are fluent enough to speak English in technical conversations) would instantly switch back to Japanese to talk about technical things between them if there's no foreigner involved in the conversation. I've seen the same thing happen in my wife's company and other companies too. This is on top of the fact that the level of English education in Japan is very low (unfortunately) and these people who work in English-speaking companies are very much the exception. I don't think I've ever seen a single Japanese person favor using English over Japanese for technical discussions if they were ever given the choice.
I struggled with Google translate because it’s like 40% accurate at translating technical related stuff.
Are you Japanese yourself? If not I don't think it's strange that they would adapt their way of speaking with a foreigner, especially since most technical words in IT are coming from English anyway. For other fields, health for instance, it's totally possible to never heard English in months/years. Japanese is well alive, and English is more a social marker than anything else. Most Japanese have very bad command of English if at all and can live their whole life never using it.
You must live in a kind of weird cocoon because in Japan nobody switches to English for technical discussions because they cant even speak English in the first place.
It's a chicken and egg problem. If you don't do technical discussions on Japanese now then you won't do them in the future either. You have to consciously start doing that and then eventually you'll do it that way as a preference.
>why not just use the popular languages?
Because you will then take over their cultural baggage. Look at English and the internet. Americans are outnumbered and yet it's expected that people follow the norms of American culture online.
If you speak German on the same websites then those norms more or less disappear.
For Japanese, it's opposite. People aren't good at English so Japanese tech writing/talk is everyone's preference. Also Katakana helps a lot to import foreign words. Top people learn English, import words, wrote their text, and talked in Japanese.
Now Japanese texts are getting not popular (due to not profitable) and many English texts are very easily accessible thanks to internet and it's lingua franca. So finally many Japanese are going to learn English to catch up.
This isn't true at all. Taiwan is highly educated and urbanized and nearly everyone can understand Taiwanese. Millions of people speak it natively and everyone else has encountered it in media, day-to-day life and also in school in the past 15 or so years.
Taiwanese/Hokkien have limited content resources because of conscious decisions of previous governing bodies in China, Singapore, Taiwan (not sure about Malaysia). If they had been allowed to flourish, actively promoted and native speakers were taught how to write, it would be a lot different today. The premise of the article is false. Taiwanes/Hokkien has had a standardized written form since the 19th century. The problem is most native speakers do not know it, so really what it suffers from are low literacy rate. I communicate in written Taiwanese via text quite often.
Over the past ten years or so, the government in Taiwan has been trying to promote native language literacy, but with so-so results due to what I see as poor pedagogy.
> I don't know how to express clearly in Taiwanese
Many heritage or home speakers probably feel the same way. There are strong social stigmas against using Taiwanese in academia or people seeing it as a crude language. But if you are a native speaker of both Mandarin and Taiwanese, it isn't too hard to learn the written form if you want to.
I'm not a native speaker of Taiwanese, but I can make somewhat intelligible translations of them. A native speaker who has learned to write Taiwanese and knows English could do a better job.
> GPS in my neighborhood has a 100x lower accuracy because of radio interference
Tī goán chhù-piⁿ in-ūi tiān-chû kau-jiáu só͘-í GPS ê cheng-chún-tō͘ khah pháiⁿ chi̍t-pah pē.
> move this MOSFET up by 15mm to balance the PCB thermal stress
Chit MOSFET ūi-tio̍h chè-ap PCB ê on-tō͘ ài khǹg kòe-khì siōng-chē 15mm.
> Even Japanese, a language used by 125 million, has similar issues, my Japanese coworkers frequently switch to English during technical discussions.
That's interesting. I have only experienced preference for English technical vocabulary, but never switching of languages. Even for native English speakers they need to have familiarity with the subject or those technical words are unintelligible to them.