Are there no aerodynamic concerns for that installation? The VHF instruments pictured on top of the fuselage make this thing look like a plow that would be better fit on top of a Sprinter van... they couldn't have gone for a dome?
https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/gogo-2ku-inflight-wi...
Modern planes like the 787 are made to a big degree from composites and the antenna can be installed inside the fuselage - leading to 0% increase in air resistance.
The fuel concern is a significant one, as well as performance. Enough fuel or performance impacts and you can restrict the airports flown with these antennas. It's not as big a problem on widebodies, but it's the reason you haven't seen WiFi on small regional or the smallest narrow bodies until recently.
One interesting example is that for the initial IFE systems that were deployed, the heat generated by the displays was significant enough that the largest cost to the installation was the required upgrade to the cabin air conditioning systems.
in addition to antenna systems for iridium and inmarsat L/S-band stuff.
there is a lower limit to the size of aircraft that can accommodate something like this, of course.
for instance: https://runwaygirlnetwork.com/2021/09/panasonic-next-gen-ku-...