Usually there is some sort of local development framework for serveless functions.

Most seem to use docker, here’s one for Google Cloud functions: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/running/overview

If you use something like “cloud run” then it’s containers anyway.

Most people building stuff quickly in serverless seem to eschew the concept of local entirely, and it's something I've recently started doing too. I make a code change locally and it gets picked up by the deployment of my stack associated with my feature branch the second I save the file.

It's an uncomfortable concept at first but I find it's helped me build things faster and has ultimately led to less rabbit hole chasing across multiple categories of issues.

Having used localstack [1], I can vouch that it's not a joke.

[1]: https://github.com/localstack/localstack

With AWS SAM you can invoke functions locally, run api gateway and use step functions. There's also a 3rd party project to run various AWS services locally, can't remember the project name.

There's also SAM sync that syncs changes you make quickly, so if you have your own dev copy in AWS you can quickly test changes.

For golang, but would work in any language. What's really worked is the idea that your main loads configuration and injects all of the configured interfaces into your handler.

You then can build all of the testing on mocks/stubs to test the behavior. If you access a database you access in through the interface which can mimic the appropriate behavior for your code in test vs production. If you need to you can do local integration testing of the db access layer.

Honestly, my answer is: don't use serverless, or at least have a non-serverless way of running your code locally, preferably outside of a container/VM. Otherwise you have no way of running or testing your code locally, much less attaching a debugger; IMHO this can slow down dev cycles so much that it cancels out the time saved by adopting a serverless architecture.

Serverless deployments aren't painfully slow like they are with Kubernetes or other container orchestration platforms. At least with AWS lambda you can change and deploy your code in <10 seconds and have it taking traffic (In an infinite number of "environments"). So developing locally is kind of pointless.

For Cloudflare Workers, it's no longer a joke either: https://github.com/cloudflare/workerd