http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3319177
was able to verify what I had read in other official sources on international testing programs, namely that United States students underperform (because their schools underperform) on an ethnicity-matched basis. One detailed report on the issue that I think you will find to be interesting reading is the Education Next report on mathematics learning opportunities for top mathematics students in the United States,
http://educationnext.org/teaching-math-to-the-talented/
which shows that United States students miss opportunities in school to develop their abilities to the fullest. A look at the content of mathematics textbooks in different countries, and specialized studies on differences in teaching practices
http://www.amazon.com/Knowing-Teaching-Elementary-Mathematic...
http://www.amazon.com/Teaching-Gap-Improving-Education-Class...
in different countries have helped me understand the differences I frequently observe between people of the same ethnicity who received their primary and secondary education in different countries.