Android leaks some traffic even when 'Always-on VPN' is enabled

Mullvad VPN has discovered that Android leaks traffic every time the device connects to a WiFi network, even if the "Block connections without VPN," or "Always-on VPN," features is enabled.

The data being leaked outside VPN tunnels includes source IP addresses, DNS lookups, HTTPS traffic, and likely also NTP traffic.

Original research article: https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2022/10/10/android-leaks-connect...