I believe so; see the entire meta package in the standard library: https://dlang.org/phobos/std_meta.html
I had someone explaining D templates to me on an Idris meetup, but it's been a few years, so I might very well be wrong here and not remember correctly. I'm happy to be corrected.
My next question would be: can I write those meta templates myself and modify them with themselves? In the same way that I could have a type-level function that applies another type-level function twice and then apply it on itself to get a new type-level function that applies another type-level function four times.
alist .sort .map!(x => x * x) .map!(x => x - x/2) .map!(x => x + 1);
This seems like what you're asking. Each of those is a template. And while this is all logic code, D has inferred the type aka: SortedRange!Map!Map!Map
With some details removed.