Is the current Russo-Ukrainian war about ideology or about land? With the same facts, you could analyze it as both. Arguing for land, it's clear that Russia wants control of Ukrainian land, not least Crimea (which hosts Russia's main Black Sea naval base), but also as much of Ukraine it can get its hands on (see the recent decision to annex every oblast Russia was occupying). But you could also argue that it's about ideology: resisting NATO encroachment on Russia, or Russia's denial of the existence of Ukrainians who aren't "really" Russians, or general east-versus-west/democracy-versus-autocracy/etc. ideologies.

This is about a war that is currently ongoing, where even lay people are likely to be cognizant of the various causes and theories of the war. Applying this same analysis for wars that happened 500 years ago is more difficult, especially since knowledge of the particulars is likely to be filtered via people who favor one theory over another.

FWIW, I'm generally in the camp that most wars are waged for the primary purpose of controlling more land, with the reason for doing so largely boiling down to some form of "naked territorial aggression"--including the current Russo-Ukrainian War as well as recent conflicts like the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh.