Apple asks suppliers to shift AirPods, Beats production to India
asia.nikkei.com
asia.nikkei.com
Having the largest American company entirely dependent on China is definitely not a good thing, given current tensions.
[1] - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-30/apple-s-t...
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/12/report-apple-ceo-tim...
Making iPhones in China is no good if you can’t get them out to shelves in time.
Some of it is PR, but the reality is that wages have been rising in China and other countries like India are cheaper.
And, Apple spent $275B as part of a shakedown to avoid Chinese regulations. If Apple didn't start moving their business after that, the people running it are fools. I suspect Apple would be much further along on that if Covid hadn't hit in the middle of this.
Yes, this is not even arguable. A national security concern as well.
Apple is the only company I have ever seen, that doesn't give business discounts. We pay the same as any Joe off the street. Even Microsoft doesn't do that. Fuck Apple.
As for your complaints about business discounts... I see it as a win for the consumer that they don't have to be a "business" to artificially pay less. Fuck that.
afaik they exited China manufacturing completely in 2019
Right now China is claiming control of some of Vietnam's coastal waters including the sinking of Vietnamese fishing vessels, so there are ongoing disputes between the two countries.
Previously Vietnam partnered with the USSR against China. Now that Putin is Xi's closest ally (or wants to be seen that way) Vietnam could well be looking for new allies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relation...
And Apple gave even my teensy little company (when it was running) discounts. They have (or at least had) a business program which required some proof of business license (DUN, or summat?), and enjoy your discount. I'd look it up, but parent isn't going to, so I won't bother.
Top 10 Holdings (27.37% of Total Assets)
Name Symbol % Assets
Apple Inc AAPL 5.90%
Microsoft Corp MSFT 5.60%
Amazon.com Inc AMZN 4.05%
Facebook Inc A FB 2.29%
Alphabet Inc A GOOGL 2.02%
Alphabet Inc Class C GOOG 1.96%
Berkshire Hathaway Inc Class B BRK.B 1.45%
Tesla Inc TSLA 1.44%
NVIDIA Corp NVDA 1.37%
JPMorgan Chase & Co JPM 1.29%
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/SPY/holdings/Everything is replaceable but it is a major business. Huge ramifications in America if they had a major supply disruption. It’s not about the availability of glass boxes with fruit logos on the back.
The iPhone and other products obviously brings in a lot of money and supports a lot of jobs, indirectly too like through case design and apps and stuff. But China uses apple as an example of how they work with America - so much so that Tim Cook gets meetings with presidents and diplomats. And its supply chain is one of chinas major employers, so it would come at a steep cost to China. A loss of apple would likely impact other businesses soon after. China wouldn’t kill the golden goose without slaughtering the others first, or using them as an example of what’s to come.
Even beyond the iPhone as a product directly, MANY people (especially rich important influential ones) are major shareholders. So are pension funds and retirement funds and index funds. If apple had an “oops no iPhone for a year” moment that would rock the financial world way beyond their actual direct market value. They’re so big that their crash would likely slash the entire tech sector and with it the S&P 500 and with it all the index funds and with it everyone’s retirement accounts (you can see how that ripple would continue to everyone’s detriment). The US government has an interest in keeping them safe for that alone. They can lose market share and be replaced over time, but a geopolitical shock like China closing their ports to apple would be a major event the government has an interest in avoiding.
I don't know why this sounds so dystopian
They don’t want a foreign gov to torpedo an important business for politics but they don’t need to protect against market forces. There’s no market risk to apple disappearing overnight. If it’s over a long time scale, pension funds can self manage. It won’t implode the market.
Let's not forget what happened to the world's supply chains when the Port of Shanghai slowed down due to China's zero-Covid policy.
"Shanghai lockdown exposes global supply chain strains"
https://www.ft.com/content/9318db50-e0c3-4a27-9230-55ff59bcc...
If it just stopped... Yipe.
At the same time, Apple is big enough it could possibly "disrupt" supply chains and suddenly a new manufacturing center somewhere else and bring the house with it?
> and it would take 8 years to move 10% of it to other countries
I think this timeline is heavily dependent on how motivated Apple is...
An Apple product that was truly, 100% made in the USA from parts that are also 100% made in the USA would be extremely expensive. The Librem 5 USA is about as close as you can get at $2000 for a phone with pretty anemic specs; and many individual parts and raw materials still come from abroad.
You may (understandably) feel bad about enjoying a product made by someone getting nominally paid orders of magnitude less than you. But naively arguing that Apple should be mandated to pay more (or even be forced to produce in the US) does the opposite of help the people you claim to be worried about.
You are 100% right in that this is the primary mechanism for increasing the standard of living around the world. It's worked so well in fact that the wages in China are not nearly as low as they once were. I would say that low wages alone are no longer the primary benefit of having something made in China. It's much more the scale and loose environmental regulations that are valuable now. There are quite a few things that you use every day which are almost exclusively made in China or India or similar.
I think people in general do not realize just how much we rely on China and Chinese manufacturing, and how beneficial it is for everyone to have things made abroad. People focus on the higher end factory items like iPhone assembly but don't often think about all the sub-components. Base materials like adhesive, spray on preservatives, plastic containers, labels, etc. are almost all made in China or somewhere with loose environmental regulations. There are so many items that go into day-to-day items that are either made in China or made from products imported from China. If it's made from plastic or for plastic, and it's made at scale, there is a really good chance it's made in China.
I would object to calling a mutually beneficial arrangement "slavery", but whatever.
> I'm just saying that no one really wants something made 100% in the USA because very few people could afford it
While this is true, it invites reasonable-sounding criticism to the effect of "well if you can't make your cheap toys without exploiting people then maybe you shouldn't have it at all" and so misses the most crucial point. Forcing something to be made 100% in the USA is bad for _everyone_. It doesn't empower workers at the cost of the rich or empower Indians at the cost of Americans. It simply satisfies some misguided and/or nationalistic sentiment while leaving everyone worse off for it.
> I would say that low wages alone are no longer the primary benefit of having something made in China. It's much more the scale and loose environmental regulations that are valuable now.
While yes, a huge component is the vast amount of manufacturing expertise and capital that has been built up in China. It may have started as a country from which you bought cheap junk manufactured for low wages, sure. But after decades of that unsavory and seemingly exploitative relationship, China is now home to lots of advanced, high quality manufacturing with skilled and productive workers that can demand better pay than ever before.
In a funny sense, it reminds me of that quote about how "the capitalists will sell us the rope with which we will hang them". At no point did any of the foreign industries investing in China have any intention more noble than "exploiting" cheap, undifferentiated labor from a developing country. Yet that very behavior has apparently driven wages so high that companies are willing to spend billions to start the process all over again in another country.
Better terms: wages, low wages, very low wages, meager wages, near-subsistence (questionable) wages, deplorable wages, demeaning wages, developing nation wages, low-level manufacturing wages, etc.
Slavery has an actual meaning, which it is, from time to time, helpful to still be able to denote.
I'm not sure how true this is. I mean, today it is, because we don't have any production capacity to build those misc parts. Apple can't just say 'i want everything made in the USA from USA made parts', because it would be literally impossible to do so. You have a few small outlets you could probably source, but not enough for a mass market device.
That said, -if- we could get there, I'm not convinced it would be all that much more expensive to the end user just due to the massive scale of everything. How much more? Who knows, but even if we say something rather high like $200 per unit, it's not much when you're spending $1200 already. I get most people would take the cheaper option, but a company with Apple's clout and fan base may be the one company to actually effect change, if they wanted to.
It's a large population and growing in affluence. So potentially a big new market for Apple.
Manufacturing in India would allow them to be seen as a "home choice" there and also provide Apple with a chance to hedge future sanctions on products made in China in other export markets.
They can also placate CCP concerns by telling them that they are only manufacturing in India to access that otherwise inaccessible market.
Russia’s economy is supported by oil. Oil is pretty much the one thing that they’ve still been consistently able to export.
China’s economy is based on exporting lots and lots and lots of manufactured goods. Many of them are essential, but many of them could be banned tomorrow.
Meanwhile, China exports a lot of things that people don’t need. You can turn those off quicker.
Again — huge oversimplifications. But I think reasonably solid mental model.
It's not like that's all they export. They export a lot of essential things, and cutting them off would probably far more economically disruptive to their customers than to them. They're store shelves won't be empty, and given their political system they can probably deal with the fallout much more effectively.
There are also a lot of alternative producers of oil, while there's no other advanced manufacturing giant on the scale of China that people can shift their orders to. It would make the COVID supply chain difficulties look like a joke.
How Russia got itself to the point where one person has consolidated all authority, surrounded himself with corrupt sycophants, and cannot accurately gather or integrate information from the rest of the society is the complicated question here. It’s a pretty good demonstration for anyone watching around the world that unchecked power can lead to disastrous decisions. It should inspire us to stand up for democracy and against corruption and consolidation of wealth and power in our own societies.
It’s impossible to determine Putin’s personal motivations from outside; the best we can do is speculate. My speculation is that involves some combination of (a) doing what he thinks will best maintain internal political control, (b) satisfying an egoistical urge for historical glory, and (c) a narcissistic belief that others must bow to his personal whims and a raging narcissistic grudge when they do not.
Entitlement. The closest you came was the descriptor "narcissistic" in (c). Narcissism is supposed to be a rare condition, but it is found everywhere. It is easiest to understand leaders like Putin, Jong-un, Xi, DeSantis and Trump, if framed in psychological terms like narcissism with symptoms of entitlement, grandiosity, attention seeking, arrogance, bullying, lack of empathy, and a fear of criticism.
Russia has no convenient geographic features to protect it from invasion, so it relies on long distances. Those distances are much shorter than they used to be, and Russian doctrine for at least the past decade has been focused on creating confusion and chaos in Eastern Europe. The chaos is here, and they probably misread the international community on what they could get away with.
Now that they're in it, though, I think Putin is the biggest obstacle to Russia extricating themselves from the debacle.
Pretty sure in reality it's not one man alone doing crazy decisions without the whole state organ being behind him.
Invading Ukraine certainly wasn’t, say, Elvira Nabiullina’s choice, or the choice of the oligarchs with homes in London or NYC. The turnover rate at the top ranks of the Russian military the past 6 months is higher than a typical McDonalds.
Russia starting a nuclear war would be bad for China, India and others; there's some point at which they'll cut off Russian trade.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2022/09/22/new-mas...
https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/09/europe/gallery/mariupol-h...
- Russia overestimated their position
- Russia believed the war would be over in a few days (which many in the West also believed)
- Russia assumed Europe would keep buying their oil (which has happened to an extent)
- Russia believes they can "out-suffer" the West and we will crack after a few months
- Russia believed the West was too polarized to reach consensus on an effective response
In short, Russia had a bad read on the situation and shot themselves in the foot. They thought they were in a position to impose their will without a fight or a significant response from the West.
We have seen a little bit of the same attitude from China the past several years - decadent West on the decline, democracy is flawed, etc. - but I have to think they are smart enough to realize they have been underestimating us. At a minimum, I think it pushes back their timeline for when they believed they would become the world's premier power. Hopefully, that buys us all some time to cool off and find diplomatic solutions.
Both can prosper when things go good, it's when shit hits the fan that you notice the difference.
There's a difference between having a partner and being entirely dependent.
Fascinating idea, until the monopolies break everything. I'll see if I can't find it.
It's The Interdependency Series by John Scalzi: https://www.goodreads.com/series/202297-the-interdependency
"Based on the Schuman plan, six countries sign a treaty to run their coal and steel industries under a common management. In this way, no single country can make the weapons of war to turn against others, as in the past."
https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-histor...
Flyover country likes the things that ports/harbors, hollywood, silicon valley, and banks provide.
These two are not the same.
Even so, produce does not comprise a material percentage of the US caloric intake. Grains, tubers, grain oils, and meat definitely do.
Beyond food, there's mining and energy. Without the coasts, The US would be significantly inconvenienced. Without flyover country, the US would be dead.
This is why I said all the current informal federal-based stuff would come back through treaty. I think most people on both "sides" are reasonable, so the split would never actually happen. And if it did, people would quickly miss all the stuff from the other side of it.
It's on a level with considering what happens if the sun disappears. It can't happen without something freakish happening, and none of us really knows how it would go.
One side would devolve into an unlivable hellscape. The other side would devolve into the 1890s-1910s or so, without access to modern imported goods.
Nobody would "win". It's obviously a horrible scenario. But one side would definitely lose.
> It can't happen without something freakish happening
Nations collapse from political schism all the time. We just have short memories.
I do not believe the people yelling "secession!" are prepared to revert to a pre-WWI world.
And if your supply requirements decrease by 150MM people, that makes the job substantially easier to manage.
> I do not believe the people yelling "secession!" are prepared to revert to a pre-WWI world.
Ah, but they think they are. Which is really the only thing that matters, since beyond a certain point, it's too late.
Subsistence farming is great for feeding an army so you can rebel against your government
California produces almost 14% of all the crops grown in the US. A large portion of that are nuts and high calorie items like avocado and soy. You want food oils? Grains? Meats? CA exports all of those. CA is the 4th biggest producer of cattle in the US, 10th biggest poultry producer. 9th biggest producer of potatoes (Washington is #1, another coastal state). 2nd biggest rice producer.
As far as energy, you realize Texas is also not one of your flyover states, right? And even if it wasn't, we import plenty of energy from pipelines to coastal states so it can be sold or refined. CA has nearly the same refinement capabilities as Texas itself.
Fly over states are land. Undeveloped land is not extrinsically valuable.
I first read that as downvote, you know the internetizen apocalypse
Inland farmers require foreign oil as an input to the caloric production you describe, which means that to survive they need the ports and pipelines of North America as well as the cooperation of oil-rich nations.
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=51338 https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-u-s-oil-production-b...
They don't need flyover country.
they'd go join "flyover country".
That’s an argument in favor of secession! They could still trade, but wouldn’t be forced into a single polity making decisions on domestic issues like education, healthcare, abortion, immigration, etc.
The objection to communism isn't that people plan things. It's that the planners face no competition and the results of their plans are inescapable.
> Major innovation needs collaboration, not competition. For innovation, internal markets have the same problem as hierarchical bureaucracies. Managers vote their resources for innovations that bolster their current fiefdoms and careers. The safest strategy is to stick to the status quo. Ms. Kimes’ article gives multiple examples where competing managers at Sears looked after their own units at the expense of the interests of the firm as a whole.
(Emphasis added.)
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2013/07/16/do-inte...
Now, what was that you were saying about central planning?
> Now, what was that you were saying about central planning?
I was saying that central planning that has no competition and everybody is forced to follow is the usual complaint about central planning, which has nothing to do with people and groups privately choosing to plan and collaborate.
In the future, I would really prefer that you either save the snark, assume good faith, and at least try to keep up with the points being made, or just keep it all to yourself and don't reply to me, alright? I will gladly do you the same courtesy. Breaking things down into teeny tiny pieces grows tiresome quickly.
That doesn't relate to what I wrote, which is why it is a non sequitur. Rather than just say "what about 'blah'", try actually addressing my comment coherently.
And you didn't show such a thing anyway. People aren't forced to compete, as can be seen even in the example you gave, not to mention all the collectives, unions, partnerships, companies, groups, corporations, etc., around us.
> In the future, I would really prefer that you either save the snark, assume good faith, and at least try to keep up with the points being made, or just keep it all to yourself and don't reply to me, alright? I will gladly do you the same courtesy. Breaking things down into teeny tiny pieces grows tiresome quickly.
Please.
"Now, what was that you were saying about central planning?"
That is the height of rude and bad-faith snark after posting something that did not even attempt to address my comment which was criticism of communist central planning, and I said nothing about forced competition or that people should be prevented from cooperating, so you can dismount your high horse.
I've also not initiated any discussion with you that you didn't start, so if you don't like reading my responses then you can take your own advice on that one too. Please do contact the admins if you find yourself unable to cope with that.
Customers can buy elsewhere.
Corporation isn't going to shoot them for doing so.
And America can't afford to lose business with China. So China will make the calculation that it can get away with an invasion of Taiwan.
Wait what?
And since it's also the biggest market in the EU, whatever quirky internal rules and regulations Germany has, get pretty much automatically carried out at EU level by any and all companies looking to do business in the EU.
Considering that their spy chief was caught "pants down" in Kyiv when invasion started [0] and had to be evacuated by special forces it is highly likely they had no clue. Unless of course they intentionally orchestrated the whole debacle to look like they didn't know, but that sounds more like a conspiracy theory...
[0]: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/special-forces-evacuate...
It would be a cluserfuck of the highest order.
It would also be telegraphed years in advance just by the sheer number of troops and landing craft needed and they would not have air or naval superiority in any realistic scenario.
Taiwan is heavily defended.
Taiwan can be destroyed (nukes) but cannot be annexed by force in any realistic assessment of capability.
The more I look at it, the more the ancient siege seems more likely than an invasion.
China doesn't want to destroy Taiwan.
Plus, destroying non-Taiwanese vessels and planes trying to break the siege seems like it would be more palatable to Chinese leaders' domestic audience.
China seemed to do a dress rehearsal for this strategy a month or two ago.
Just send a US ship with escort to Taiwan. China would have to attack US military ships to stop it.
I doubt it would happen.
Even fairly primitive mines in relatively smaller numbers (scarcely more than a thousand - China has at least 100,000) in the Iraq War were able to score a mission kill and a major hit on US ships. And that was without US ships actually docking in Iraq.
Do you know how long it took to sweep just over 1000 of those quite primitive mines in Iraq? Around 3 months.
To be clear: I don't like any of these scenarios, but this is my "real politik" view. None of it would be rational for Mainland China, but it is a dictatorship. Dictators don't play by the rules.
I assume you are referring to the United States. Is the US military based in East Asia larger than Japan Self-Defence Forces? Honestly, I'm not sure. JSDF is much larger than most people realize. And to be clear, the UK has almost no presence in East Asia now. Every few years, they have a global tour, but nothing else.
And regarding the Australia submarine deal, France would only build diesel-electric subs. US+UK promised to help Australia build nuclear subs. To me, that is the #1 reason why Australia cancelled the France deal. I am sure they negotiated for months behind the scenes to upgrade to nuclear. When rejected, they announced the Ausuk deal.
The US might not get involved in an all out war over Taiwan but they are likely to support Taiwan in case China attempts a blockade. The US frequently undertakes freedom of navigation drills and would most likely exercise such rights to circumvent China.
Now, will that escalate to a direct conflict is debatable but any genuine threats of nuking US would probably taken as a declaration of war.
1. Chinese naval blockade of Taiwan
2. US will send navy + air force from Japan bases.
3. No shots fired between US and China (too risky due to both nuclear powers).
4. Optional: China may immediately claim sovereignty over Taiwan without negotiations with Taiwanese gov't.
5. China will declare that any attack on Chinese military (in the area) or military aid to Taiwan will be viewed as an "invasion" (whatever that term really means). Thus, China will declare that the use of nuclear weapons is valid to protect against invasion by US military.
6. This declaration will be interpreted by US as a nuclear threat.
7. China will refute this US claim.
8. Conclusion: US-China stalement with words only. China takes Taiwan.
To refine my earlier post, simply threatening to (nuclear) bomb / torpedo a US navy carrier strike group is enough. No need to threaten US territory. I'm not sure ICMBs from mainland China can reach mainland US, but they can certainly hit Hawai'i and other US posessions. Also, they have nuclear warheads on subs. I doubt they will work on first try, but the threat is great enough to force US to standdown.Lastly, I don't like or support any of this, but, it is the most likely scenario.
Our dependency on the US, but also Japan, India, the EU and to some extent the rest of the world is bound to force us to keep a slow grind rather than blatant violence. At least outside of China.
I know Russia disproved the theory: they were dependent on the EU and fuck it all up anyway but... Russia then proceeded to prove the disaster it is for the country, the people and even the war: you cant win territory easily by murdering blindly left and right your commercial partners and your cultural cousins and unlike what some may believe, even some past expansion had to be based on mutual interest to last.
Huh?
I think it's the CCP that did that, not Taiwan...
After the communist revolution, the government of the RoC retreated to Taiwan. The communists called their government the People's Republic of China.
Both the RoC and the PRC agree that mainland China and the island of Taiwan are "China", and they both agree that one government should be in control. They just disagree on which government that should be.
That’s not entirely true; the coalition led by the KMT in Taiwan agrees with the PRC on the One China issue, the (currently governing) DPP led coalition does not and views Taiwan as already independent and territorially distinct from the PRC, and does not accept the One China idea.
“They just disagree on which government that should be.”
Yes, I am.
GP claims: Both the RoC and the PRC agree that mainland China and the island of Taiwan are "China", and they both agree that one government should be in control. They just disagree on which government that should be. This is false. The PRC believes that, and the RoC, currently, does not.
In more detail, the RoC’s KMT/pan-Blue coalition agrees with the PRC that the two are one China but disagrees on which government should be in charge. But, while they governed the RoC exclusively before free elections and intermittently since, they aren’t the RoC or its currently governing faction.
The DPP/pan-Green coalition, which has been dominant for several years in the RoC disagrees with the KMT and PRC and sees the PRC and RoC as two separate, geographically distinct states.
Imagine it from the other side of the table: would any country rely on US companies for their OS or business tools if tomorrow the US could start a war against them ?
That's a possibility that is never frown away, and any countries with enough resources will make efforts to mitigate it, but that can't be the base assumption behind the relationship.
What’s worse, when he’ll inevitably be elected again, our trust in the US as a partner will be gone completely.
Of course sanctions on export to Russia will also be felt, but not as much as losing the money of Europe.
It’s different from China which is exporting far more finished goods. If America stops buying high end electronics from Chinese factories and starts buying from Vietnamese factories, then those exports just vanish from China’s economy. There is no backup America to buy the goods to keep the factories running.
In simpler terms, how can you just switch to a different market when the pump to make the gaz is unavailable to you.
We won't stop eating beef 3x a day even though we know it's literally destroying the world, we still buy diamonds mined by child slaves and clothes sewn by people making pennies per hour and even the sanctions against Russia carved out exceptions for everything the West really wanted/needed.
We didn't stop doing business with China for a genocide in Tibet, an ongoing genocide against the Uyghurs in Xinjiang, the brutality in Hong Kong or the human rights violations in current lockdowns.
If China invades Taiwan, we'll buy iPhones from them anyway and tweet that we don't like what they're doing. Maybe we'll send a few billion dollars to Lockheed and Raytheon to make some weapons for Taiwain, but we won't do anything that actually requires an American to give up the slightest bit of comfort.
Being able to replace broken iPhone12s with new iPhone12s is real. An iPhone18XR on paper is just a piece of paper.
Anyway, why does SV have a lock on design? If anything computer design has gotten very stale since the early 90s when all the competitors to American computer systems finally croaked
Now, it still may be true that it's easier to manufacture iPhones than design them, but easier does not mean easy. Personally, I think you're just vastly underestimating how hard it is to manufacture iPhones at scale, which means not just finding the right part, but a part that can be delivered in the quantity and quality required to meet their production needs, and repeated for all the parts they need.
IMHO, that's a free market myth made "true" through constant repetition. It breaks down if one or more parties stops prioritizing things like a free marketer.
And "keeping tensions under control" could translate to "appease the CCP and give in to its demands." It controls the real (physical) assets, as well as most of the human capital. Its adversaries are democracies, which means they're often far too focused on the people's parochial, short-term whims (e.g. failing to take strategic action because they're afraid of losing votes if those actions make iPhones more expensive).
The CCP has also has the benefit of learning from several of Russia's mistakes. They'll probably force their demands more slowly and persistently, so as to not galvanize their opponents.
It'd obviously be a mistake to say that economic interconnectivity totally prevents war, but the fact that wars break out doesn't falsify the notion that it might make conflict less common on average. The west's relationship with Russia and China has certainly been less rocky over the past 30 years than its relationship with the Soviet Union ever was.
Uhm, this isn't the first time Russia invaded Ukraine in the past decade. Remember when they invaded and took Crimea?
Also, they've been fucking with elections in other countries, like with Brexit and Trump. There was also the Wirecard scandal that they've been associated with. They've done massive amounts of damage internationally.
Yes, I mentioned it. That was in 2014 - 22 years after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Russia's antics have been damaging but child's play compared to the cold war. The US and the Soviet Union were engaged in proxy wars, insurgencies, coups and counter coups across the globe pretty much non-stop for nearly 50 years, all the while pointing two order-of-magnitude larger nuclear arsenals at each other.
Economic interdependence obviously didn't stop Russia from eventually going off the deep end. But it probably helped keep relations cool for quite a while.
Sure, but this is much more low level than a war. The US also messes with other countries elections & politics, including Euromaidan in Ukraine.
20 years is actually not a long time for an idea like we're talking about. This isn't human-scale stuff.
...
Double standards is not a good habit.
If countries giving into US demands is not something bad, then giving into "CCP demands" is not bad either.
...
The doublespeak and 'everyone except us is evil" mentality in Anglosphere is amazing.
The country that claims that there is a genocide in Xinjiang is the country that lied for EIGHT years about nonexistent Iraqi WMDs. And its the US.
Every. Single. Muslim majority country backed China at the UN after sending representatives to Xinjiang. They said that there is no such thing as a 'genocide' there. Its the US State Dept. word versus every single muslim majority country and their parliamentarians.
...
Today its easy to understand why people bought into the Iraqi WMDs lie back then: Because it makes them feel good, righteous, and the 'right side'.
As for the other Muslim-majority countries, I can’t find any news backing your statement, but that might be my own lack of Google-fu or perhaps an international underreporting by the media, so I’ll take your word for it. But still, that’s not evidence. All of those countries have little to gain from speaking out at the UN (it won’t actually directly help anyone), and they don’t necessarily feel much inter-Islam brotherhood since the genocide in Xinjiang is against a specific group of Muslims, not against Muslims in general. (Almost?) all of those countries on the other hand are receiving aid from China, which presumably is conditional on saying that there’s no genocide in Xinjiang.
Edit: nevermind, my Google-fu was weak. I found this article. Note that you’re actually simply wrong, since Qatar didn’t back China, rather abstaining. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/04/why-do-so...
Just looking at Pakistan, for example: Pakistan has been given tens of billions of dollars by China and is owed billions more, China is a major trading of Pakistan, and China is investing in major infrastructure development there. I don’t think anything could get Pakistan to not support China in the UN.
No, we didn't. We had the word of every single insitution in the Angloamerican controlled part of the Western hemisphere. From NGOs to media. NYT was publishing dozens of articles talking about the WMDs, then one article 'questioning' whether we were "acting too fast", but inevitably concluding that the risks of 'not taking action' were far greater.
It was a TOTAL media propaganda just like now.
The French were even ridiculed for contesting the veracity of those claims. So much propaganda was done that they were able to smear an ENTIRE nation as 'surrender monkeys' and 'cowards' for persisting in questioning the claims.
> Just looking at Pakistan, for example: Pakistan has been given tens of billions of dollars by China and is owed billions more, China is a major trading of Pakistan, and China is investing in major infrastructure development there. I don’t think anything could get Pakistan to not support China in the UN.
This is a supremacist talk: "They are siding with the baddies for profit". Whereas on the other hand, the Western satellites that supported the US in the UN have absolutely no profit in backing the US. They just did it out of goodwill and morals. Nothing related to profit and foreign policy.
Qatar and Turkey abstained in order to not upset the US. Abstaining itself is already opposing since there is no way that any country in the Middle East can turn a blind eye to an actual genocide of muslims if it took place. Which makes it even more significant that every other country opposed it.
> since the genocide in Xinjiang is against a specific group of Muslims, not against Muslims in general
There is no such thing. I don't know where you pulled that out from. Xinjiang muslims are sunnis and the majority of the muslim world is sunni.
Not saying there is no merit to the logic, just that it can backfire or malfunction unexpectedly.
Demand Living Wages, IMPORT
Building airpods is an industrial process. All value add. You can do it anywhere, one factories are set up, workers trained etc.
If it could truly be done anywhere it would still be happening in the US.
However, you can't just extract energy from somewhere that doesn't have it. No matter how much money you want to sink into it. If there's no oil/NG/whatever, that's that. Trillions of dollars wont make it appear there. Trillions of dollars does let you setup a nice supply chain and labor force in the US though.
Nearly all of the energy available on Earth comes from our sun, including all fossil fuels, shallow geothermal, biomass, hydro, tidal, wave, wind and solar energies. The remainder came from other suns, such as nuclear and deep geothermal.
Deep/shallow geothermal (and hydro, tidal, wave, wind, solar) have those pesky borders and politics to deal with when looking to harness them. One country can't arbitrarily go to some other country and harness their geothermal, erect solar panels or wind turbines, etc.
The parent posters were, extremely obviously, not having a discussion on where various energy sources originated from in a science sense, but the politics surrounding the trade of those resources.
Sure you could. Just place it next to the output of a solar press and extract oil from sunflower seeds or others, let it pour into the barrel until full, replace with an empty barrel, and repeat. When you have enough oil stocked, you can use it to manipulate the market, make a fortune, start a war, takeover the world, eliminate borders, whatever you like, the sky's the limit with an empty barrel and a little sun.
"It is the world's largest technology manufacturer and service provider. While headquartered in Taiwan, the company is the largest private employer in the People's Republic of China and one of the largest employers worldwide."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxconn
And that doesn't count all the companies that make the subassemblies and parts for Foxconn either.
http://www.mobilecellphonerepairing.com/top-mobile-phone-man...
In a trade war, those phones won’t be making it to the US.
I don't think a loss of value to the tune of $2.5T would go well for the US economy.
I don't think either country cares much about unemployment, but the US, at least, has a history of going to great lengths to maintain the value of its assets.
And I'm sure there are companies eagerly awaiting to get the business Foxconn turned down because Apple outbid them or made favorable agreements.
US GDP is $21,000B.
Losing 2% would hurt but it wouldn’t cripple the US.
Well, now you see how well that worked
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2022/02/michael-hudson-ameri...
US of course gains a lot... weakening both russia and EU while selling overpriced LPG. On the other hand, US has been afraid of a strong germany-russia cooperation for decades and has done everything possible to stop it,... the us-bombing-nordstream accusations are not something new, since US was opposed to nordstream and threatened against it for years now, way before the russia-ukraine war.
Then Russia decided they could invade a neighbour they claim isn't a real country - and now Germany is in for a very cold winter, and gas shortages are sending bills skyrocketing all across Europe.
If trade was supposed to stop Russia invading its neighbours, it hasn't worked very well.
"Every US enemy is Hitler".
Does being a neighbor matter here?
Because if a madmen attacks a country half a planet away, we (the europeans) help them by sending our soldiers to help (syria, libya, afghanistan,...).
We also tend to treat separatists differently, depending on where and who they are... Kosovo people want to be independent, let them be independent, and think later how to (re)paint nato as a purely defensive organization, when the nato bombings of yugoslavia are over. People from republika srpska also want to leave bosnia and hercegovina... no no, the country must stay whole, we won't change maps. Catalunya? What? Where? Who? Sorry, I have to go.
What on Earth are you talking about, and what does it have to do with anything?
> We also tend to treat separatists differently, depending on where and who they are... Kosovo people want to be independent, let them be independent, and think later how to (re)paint nato as a purely defensive organization, when the nato bombings of yugoslavia are over.
Wanting to separate is one thing, being the subject of a credible ethnic cleansing campaign is another.
Why are we acting differently now? I mean.. I know.. "it's ok when we do it", but atleast stop with the bullshit about sovereing states and lives, because we didn't care when we did the occupations and we still don't care while we're occupying those countries now.
And again, I'm from a small shitty country, and our soldiers are currently occupying syria... countries like france, have a lot longer lists of occupied countries, and countries like america should be sanctioned to oblivion decades ago.
> Wanting to separate is one thing, being the subject of a credible ethnic cleansing campaign is another.
yes, and iraq has weapons of mass destruction.
Parenti wrote a nice article about yugoslavia, including the ethnic cleansing part: https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062355/http://www.michae...
> Why are we acting differently now? I mean.. I know.. "it's ok when we do it", but atleast stop with the bullshit about sovereing states and lives, because we didn't care when we did the occupations and we still don't care while we're occupying those countries now.
Again, what on earth does any of this have to do with anything?
> yes, and iraq has weapons of mass destruction.
Iraq is what it looks like when the US decides they're going to invade and manufactures an excuse. The WMD claim was bullshit, everyone at the time knew it was bullshit, anyone whose opinion was worth anything was calling them out on their bullshit. That's not evidence that the core claims about Kosovo (which are disputed by, at most, a handful of cranks) were false, it's evidence of the opposite; if the reason that even people critical of the US invasion agreed that the ethnic cleansing was happening is because of some all-powerful propaganda conspiracy, how come that all-powerful propaganda conspiracy wasn't deployed to the same effect for the invasion of Iraq?
Will be interesting to see how this plays out. The US can get along without Apple (although 401K's might take a big hit), but China without Apple would be a pretty big issue, even if you only look at it from an employment viewpoint.
The most likely source of conflict between the US and the CCP is Taiwan, and this is an issue where reduction to economic incentives utterly fails to describe potential events.
China doesn't care for niceties, they will fleece everyone for all they are worth at the first and every opportunity to advance their own agenda which is very clearly not aligned with western interests.
Put another way, you know who's funding the Chinese military? We (the west) are. We are funding the very regime who would sooner see us dead than alive. There is no room for the west in their One China vision.
Further strengthening China's manufacturing capacity is not in the interest of democracies.
People made the exact same arguments in the early 1900s, they became convinced after international incident after international incident became solved without bloodshed none would. They argued that because the economies we're so intertwined with Germany being the world's leading producer of electrical appliances that were being used in English homes no one would ever want to fight a war there would be nothing to gain and everything to lose. The British in particular as the financial capital of the world pushed and leaned on this narrative hard, nothing would be more disruptive to their fiance and capital schemes than a large scale conflict. Every country in the world had treaties and agreements to try and avoid anything happening.
Then in 1914 a young disgruntled Serbian nationalist that didn't care about the economy or international relations, who cared only about the existential emptiness he had cured with fanatical nationalism assassinated the Archduke of a relatively minor European power that was considered to be on its way out.
It turns out in a national scramble for survival the economy is considered a cheap thing, especially when the actual cost is being paid in the blood of tens of thousands of young men each day.
So let me ask you this question if you are convinced that it will be too expensive to let these tensions explode, as thousands of feet march to the beat, what would you say is the price of a mile?
Such an assumption has no rational basis itself.
> But Bloomberg Intelligence estimates it would take about eight years to move just 10% of Apple’s production capacity out of China, where roughly 98% of the company’s iPhones have been made.
98% of the iPhones that have been made already, not 98% of iPhones currently being made. So the percentage is probably somewhat lower as of present.
Doesn't really make sense, does it, given that it didn't take 80 years to ramp up originally.
Apple couldn't move out of China overnight, but it could move faster or slower, depending on how much of an impact to the bottom line it can take.
If I was the leader in any of those regions I'd be figuring out how to become #2 or #3 to Chin and India ASAP. But I guess they all have their own local problems to excuse away why they don't.
But somewhere behind that I do believe they have a vision for the country. I have lived here for 5 years now and I see a country going though a rapid transition from extreme poverty (just 20-30 years ago) to now, in places like Da Nang, Quy Nhon, Dalat, parts of HCMC and Hanoi, being fairly developed and rapidly becoming more so. Apparently they have lifted a million people per year out of extreme poverty for the last 30 years and there's a rapidly growing middle class too.
Of course, from those areas, you can just drive 50km (or even just down a side street in a big city) and be in an area that seems like it hasn't been touched by development, although you can still probably get a 200mb internet connection in these places. And there are entire provinces that are still very poor. It's a big and complicated country on a winding but largely positive trajectory. Don't dismiss the leaders here in the same breathe as the Saudis. They have their own highly complex and developed culture, with both good and bad sides, and you need to take the time to understand it before you can comment on it.
If I was in industry, I would bet on this country as being a good place for manufacturing. Right now, for low-medium tech stuff. But in ten or twenty years I predict this country will be a high tech manufacturing hub.
My fear is that while wealth has increased greatly in Vietnam, it has dragged along with it major shifts in motivation (greed) and happiness (materialism) and a reduced value of community… a shift that, (cynically on my part), may be more in the leaders interest than in the peoples. Ah capitalism.
But this is not just an issue with Vietnam, it can be true in any country… just more visible amidst the transition that I saw a small small bit of in the early 2000s there.
Is the transition “good” in an ultimate sense? I (with you) hope so… but my gut says otherwise. Do the weeds grow faster than the grass when fertilizer is thrown down? We’ll see. All the best to you.
(I agree with your core point that from a western perspective, high tech manufacturing in Vietnam likely makes good sense as a China diversification play.)
Nigeria is projected to have a population in the top 3 (china, india, then nigeria) in the next 30yrs. The population excuse will soon not be good enough anymore.
https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/08/12/fg-by-2050-...
A strong culture of corruption and self-interested politicians is pretty common but I feel like there's some lack of proper messaging or a lack of simple interest in having big goals. There seems to be a defeatist culture in many of these places, where they are so used to the status quo they forget they still have a choice if enough people cared.
Maybe brain drain is the true killer in our global economy. The smart kids don't even bother, they just move to the west or help India/China.
Mostly revenues from natural ressources. Rents allows much more centralized control of the political and economical equilibrium in the country. And it's easier to manage.
Despotic regimes that industrialize (like China or Vietnam) usually do it out of necessity : either because they can't make enough out of natural ressources to provide sufficiently to their subjects or because they need to have some level of strategic independence.
But they do see a dynamic economy as a threat.
As other commenters have pointed out, interdependence is variously seen as preventing or leading to conflict. The former in the Liberalist school, when two countries both see war as too costly to their mutual interests. The latter in the Realist school, when interdependence is weaponized as a point of control or viewed as vulnerability.
The trade expectations model (Copeland) argues that high existing interdependence but declining expectations leads to conflict, while a statusquo that is relatively independent but with increasing expectations can be peace-inducing. I admit the expectations model is somewhat circular reasoning, cyclical really. Though it is statistically explanative of historical conflicts in the 19th and 20th century.
It's a very Weird and dystopian situation imo.
That distinction is the difference between a managed concern and a lot of geopolitical risk in the next ten years.
This could mostly be a matter of politics though.
In fact it’s probably a good way to keep the peace.
The majority of suppliers on that list are from Mainland China.
Memory is from Japan / Korea. Display from Samsung. CPU from Taiwan. FaceID from the US. Many of the chips are all made in the US.
The only thing that China does is final assembly, by a Taiwanese company.
Bilateral relations with China are probably the most important relationship for each country. We’re not going to war.
That led to tens of thousands of English boys drowning in mud over of the course of days at Paschendale and millions of young German men slaughtered in a line running from the Alps to the coast.
Apple begins making the iPhone 14 in India https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/26/apple-starts-manufacturing-t...
Apple may move a quarter of iPhone production to India by 2025 https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-may-move-quarter-ip...
Multiple Supply Chain Risks Accelerate Reshoring, 350,000 jobs in 2022 https://www.qualitymag.com/articles/97116-reshoring-initiati...
and the latest trend: friendshoring https://fortune.com/2022/07/19/what-is-friendshoring-janet-y...
EDIT: China growth to fall behind rest of Asia for first time since 1990. Vietnam is predicted to lead the region with annual growth of 7.2% https://www.ft.com/content/ef425da7-0f94-484a-9f0c-40991be70...
In China, the children are expected to take care of their parents in their twilight years, and the husband is typically expected to provide for the wife and kid(s), so you basically have 1 dude providing for 8 people: himself + his wife + 2 kids + his parents + his wife's parents.
Any way you cut it, China is due for ~35 years of an absolutely horrendous labor participation rate. And unlike developed nations with declining birthrates, it's unlikely immigrants will be able to take up the slack, as extreme xenophobia is omnipresent in China and her population is absolutely massive.
Which is better in terms of the well-being of the population and all that is a separate question.
That takes care of the resource problem.
So if one subset has a large fertility they eventually inherit the Earth since the neighboring countries will be empty, or will have changed their fertility course.
this is pretty much a polite way of saying indians are dying much younger while giving birth to more.
China's forays on the world stage are because of money and its increasingly wealthy, educated population.
That's a very reductionist point of view which glosses over history.
Sounds like China in the 1980s, when Apple first began manufacturing in China...
Deng Xiaoping started Chinese economic reform. You might want to check out China before Deng. its a poorly educated and financially constrained country.
Do you need an educated labor force to assemble iPhone?
Yes you do.
"Low-skill" workers with basic education (reading, writing, counting, some understanding of some scientific concepts) will simply perform better.
And you still need engineers and other high-skill workers to supervise, maintain, perform quality control, improve methods etc..
The thing is China (at least until quite recently) had a huge quantity of those and at a rather low price.
Reality is, India demographics is less blessing and more curse, she has to tackle a far larger overpopulation crisis with fewer resources and opportunities. Her economic growth / ability to generate new jobs has rarely kept up with population growth, and with automation, offshoring spreading out to smaller countries, there won't be same amount of manufacturing jobs to elevate India as it did PRC. India looks to be destined to get old while staying lower middle-income VS PRC who will at least enter high income. And once the old start dying in PRC , there will be huge amounts of generational wealth transfers that analysts predict will increase / sustain highend consumption. What Apple is really anticipating is being squeezed out due to geopolitics and rise in domestic PRC luxury brands.
That said, still India has 1.4B people and aggressive tariff policies to encourage local assembly / sales, but in terms of market power, there will be more high income PRC nationals vs Indians for Apple tax tier products, and that won't meaningfully converge unless India goes all in on income disparity.
I asked the question because their English seemed so good to me that it seemed intentional, it also seemed unusual.
To me it's the kind of thing I'd expect to hear from my grandparents. It's weird and old-fashioned. Even most news sources use the genderless "it" for countries nowadays.
It's honestly a bit cringy to read.
English doesn't have gendered nouns, but this linguistic quirk runs deep enough in human psychology that we do sometimes use female pronouns to describe these things. Examples: "She's a beauty" (of a car), or "America and her allies."
While I like the theory, its cute, I dont know that that's true. L'automobile is male in Italian and Spanish. And its easy for a native speaker in either language to come up with numerous examples.
In fact gender really is just grammar. We shouldn't see much into it trying to project ourselves into it. Otherwise, why can the same object have different genders through synonyms? Again:
La macchina L'automobile.
La yerba (granted in Spanish its lost its meaning as grass) El cesped
La nave Il barco
La embarcación El bote
Or changes from the addition of a mere diminutive:
Il banco La bancarella
Il barco La barchetta
Gender is just a classification, largely binary (although Spanish retains the neuter) that got the unfortunate sexual labels of male and female
What? LA automobile is female.
> Il barco La barchetta
"IL barco" doesn't mean anything, it's "LA barca" which, again, is female.
I'd say that generally speaking "it's female when they contain people" is correct, but of course not always (LO ufficio = the office).
Going by the languages I have some knowledge of, that doesn't hold true for Portuguese, where the word "country" itself is masculine but the truth is different countries have different genders. I guess it would be the same for other latin languages? (at least for Spanish). German is also the same but the word "country" is neutral.
I guess it does somewhat hold true for my native language, Hebrew, where all the words you specified but "house" are feminine. So I guess it might also hold true for Arabic then?
>Bhārat Mātā ( Mother India in English) is a national personification of India (Bharat) as a mother goddess.
I don't know how valid, TBH I use pronouns because it's rhetorically tedious to keep typing country name.
But you don't have to. "it" is considered impolite, something you don't use for something you treasure. Furthermore English has a perfectly long history of referring to countries as shes. This has fallen in disuse in the past 50 years as we've gotten fussy about the sexes. But it is certainly not incorrect or foreign to English.
Basically this. I generally try to use variant of 2/3 letter country code instead of pronounces to reduce repetition, but IN/IND sounds awkward.
Countries have, historically, been identified as women not just in the written word but also in illustration, poetry, etc. The OP's relationship to his country is entirely on his terms not yours.
Furthermore the role of pronouns are not to refer to people, but generally to refer to nouns. In some cultures it is considered rude to refer to a person as a pronoun. So OP shouldn't be using "India" repetitively (which would tire the reader/listener). One can use "it" to refer to "India", OP will prefers to refer to India as a "she"
Some may find this backwards, or misogynistic. That's their problem.
I don't know enough about the situation, but this is just a thought that comes to mind.
The most robust part of India's "democracy" is its voting system which is among the most accessible in the world and is likely one of the best in the world.
By all other metrics and measures, India is a feudal state where laws are great on paper but terrible otherwise. People should - rightfully so - be wary of labelling India a democracy.
To quote the same article,
> Prof Mukherjee says most non-academics would be incredulous that a handful of research assistants and country experts get to decide that a country is an "electoral autocracy" while hundreds of millions of that country's citizens would disagree.
> "So really this is an instance of academic discourse and concepts operating at a considerable distance from lived experience. The operational concepts across the two domains are very different."
You forgot to write that it is according to "Sweden-based V-Dem Institute."
But it's still a democracy, although an awkward one.
That means you know nothing. List a few Indian rulers for us please.
India is a parliamentary democratic secular republic with socialism also thrown in. Most of these ideas are overlapping but also has slighly differing paths.
It is difficult to even agree on one precise definition on what each of these are without a debate ensuing.
That wouldn't have happened in China, and it was actually a detractor for additional manufacturing to be done in India.
I believe this push is not for additional cost cutting but to avoid the tariffs placed on imported goods.
But to ktta's point, another reason Apple did this was to minimize the Indian tariffs.
One of the perils of a democratic setup is that people are free to assemble themselves into labor unions. India has a strong culture of labor organization which often stops reforms and investment.
I’m personally on the fence about this. Its easy to demonize labor unions when you’re outside that particular labor force, but my family has witnessed the importance of labor organization first hand, and I understand how crucial they can be to prop up labor interests.
https://www.reuters.com/world/india/vedanta-foxconn-sign-mou...
Direct Democracy doesn't work if the population is too big. Anything greater than a few thousand people you will need Representative Democracy.
So when one says "True Democracy" it invariably points to Representative Democracy with a Multi-Party system. Direct Democracy is a dead idea from the get go.
For example, many states have proposition systems which is a direct democracy: the residents can vote directly on laws themselves. There's good and bad things about this, but overall I think it's good - it's a way around a state legislature trying to do wildly unpopular things.
You mean the current right wing ruling party? It has a very large vocal, visible and genuine support from large population of India. That is democracy by any definition. This support is for progressive policies and anti-corruption principles.
Not all section of population agree on progress at the cost of right wing philosophies, but that again is in line with the rules of democracy.
And where they don't have that support, they "buy" elected reps: https://www.google.com/search?q=bjp+buy+mp+mla
Where exactly is freedoms limited for non Hindus? Can you name some of these freedoms that have been limited?
When you have a large part of population as riot hungry foreign funded troublemakers, to maintain peace, cutting off the internet in times of escalating situations is necessary evil.
It is not at all an admission of wrong but a forced retraction due to circumstances. The Farm laws were actually extremely progressive of all laws passed by the Government. The issue was more to do with raising the spectre of the dead Khalistani movement and Terrorism spillover that India had to deal with in the 80s and 90s. India cannot afford a weak border with Pakistan at this juncture and with Punjab (border state) being the epicenter of protests did not make things any better. Repealing the Farm laws took India's agriculture backward by at least 2 decades [1] and [2] as the protests were orchestrated by wealthy farmers of Punjab, Haryana and to some extent UP. They are not representative of farmers across India, who are so poor that they could never have had the ability to organize large scale counter-protests. The consequence of repealing the farm laws have hurt the poor farmers whose grievances have gone completely unheard.
> Stifling communication and censoring the internet isn't what any just democratic ruler does, regardless of their party affiliation.
Isn't this exactly what Trudeau did when Farmers protested in Canada? By freezing their bank accounts and censoring channels that supported the protests? I have seen this exact thing done in multiple first-world "Democratic" countries with no one calling them out. Feels like "Democracy for thee — but not for me".
[1]: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/repeal-of-farm-...
[2]: https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/opinion/five-implications-...
It is vile, divisive, and hate-filled politics that the masses have turned to.
Cognitive dissonance can be quite a thing.
Millions of does were given out for free to the most vulnerable and poorest countries.
We were all witness to what was happening in the "wealthy liberal world" .....
You can label it what you want, but the world is much better off with India.
Well isn't it true ? You act like people are lying when they say the west pays countries to take off their garbage and dump it in their own nation. With all the things that USA imports from other countries as manufacturing it inside the US will decrease their profits. Classic Murica, offshore all the dirty work to the east, blame India and China for rising pollution when the final product is ironically coming back to USA and pat itself on the back for cutting down carbon emissions.
You can't build a modern factory with just college-educated engineers and no-skill workers with only primary education. You need skilled workers who have been trained as technicians, PLC programmers, CNC operators etc.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_training_institut...
And Diplomas also referred as Polytechnic institutes are some alternatives to the traditional 4 yr Engg schools in India.
Don't know how these compare with institutes in other countries.
1. https://preview.redd.it/qm6qjcwg8f251.jpg?width=640&crop=sma...
It’s a shame because when they work well, I love them. By far the best earbuds I’ve ever owned — when they work.
Apple hasn't just outsourced manufacturing to China. They are on the cutting edge of many-a-technology , at least commercially available tech, and they ship enormous amounts of know-how.
Combine this with the Chinese Communist Party's aims to extend industry as an arm of state policy with the likes of Huawei getting into telecommunications and IT hardware, it's hard to see a future for Apple not getting overwhelmed by the competitive threat of a lower cost adversary.
[1]https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/02/18/huawei-cloning-ap...
My naive assumption is that manufacturers will reduce rusk in fear of the reverse: China putting up restrictions, requirements, and supporting straight up takeovers (ARM China).
Not long ago, Apple boasted that its products were made in America. Today, few are. Almost all of the 70 million iPhones, 30 million iPads and 59 million other products Apple sold last year were manufactured overseas.
Why can’t that work come home? Mr. Obama asked.
Mr. Jobs’s reply was unambiguous. “Those jobs aren’t coming back,” he said, according to another dinner guest.
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-an...
However, what people need to realize is that China is not an inexpensive place to do business anymore. The standard of living has gone up dramatically, people demand higher salaries, etc.
Hyundai and other foreign companies are shining in India.
Edit: it's actually 25 years: https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/a1707441/who-really-benefi...