I've looked online and there's WikiData[1], which I didn't know and looks very nice. Although it seems to be more of a plain database, not concerned with Indexing. It also doesn't seem to contain objects such as all newspaper articles (without the text body of course), I wonder if that would be accepted data. Maybe we could build upon WikiData as a backend and present a hierarchical index.
As a humble suggestion, I'd divide all information in: (1) News (all news articles), (2) Publications (books, blogs, magazines, etc.) (3) Ideas and things (countries, planets, people, theories). Any object can belong to multiple categories/classes. I think it's not important that categories be perfectly devised, only that they contain all objects, and objects can be found reasonably well within them. The main point of objects would of course be a link to an actual web page that contains what you're looking for.
Please, someone do it! (I have way too many projects right now)
[1] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page