There's a YouTube channel devoted to analyzing actual footage of violent, mostly gun related crimes. "Active Self Protection" https://m.youtube.com/c/ActiveSelfProtection

A pattern you see is that simply _having_ a gun is a massive massive deterrent. When the victim finds an opportunity to counter ambush, they can very frequently prevail. If they practice even a little they will be more skilled than most criminals, who don't even know how to hold a gun many times.