vscode example notwithstanding, I do not encounter the 'conflicting packages' problem very often on Arch. In fact, I don't remember the last time I encountered it, other than when it's an explicit choice - like, Python can only have one version of a package installed for the system Python interpreter, so if you try to install both python-numpy and python-numpy-mkl-bin, well, you have to choose. That's how Python works, though you can of course make additional Python environments (venv/conda/whatever) with different packages.

I notice the vscode example involves the AUR, which is not the official repositories. I consider that a broken package, and it should be fixed. One of the packages should rename its main executable or whatever.

Chrome, for example, has various versions, but they ship binaries with different names, e.g. /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable.

The great thing about Arch is that there is one canonical user repository, the AUR. So the official repos should not have conflicts unless absolutely necessary, and the AUR should endeavour not to have conflicts, though it's more of a wild-west so they're somewhat more likely.

However, you generally don't have to think about how to not conflict with whatever random packages may be out there - you only need to consider the repos and the AUR. Anyone making their own packages that are not in the official repos or the AUR, and yet conflict with them, well, that's their problem.

Arch being super up to date and the existence of the AUR really does obviate the need for containerising apps to a large degree, at least from the perspective of ensuring dependencies are satisfied (there are still security reasons to want containerisation). I don't believe I have any containerised apps, and yet I'm running loads of modern common programs like zoom, chrome, discord, spotify, the list goes on.