One factor I haven't seen mentioned is that Amazon has a split-personality problem.

AWS is a tech company. Reasonably comparable with other FAANGs, with wide variation within teams.

Amazon is a logistics company with a web site. Logistics companies treat their employees very differently than tech companies. Amazon proper seems to me to have split personality.

Warehouse employees are treated badly, but pretty well in many ways, compared to other warehouse employees.

Tech employees at Amazon are treated well, but I can see an exec that came through the logistics part having a different mentality.