Has anyone considered that maybe the types of people who become educated are also more motivated?
People who floss their teeth have a 7 year higher life expectancy. Obviously, flossing your teeth doesn't increase it.
People who floss their teeth have a 7 year higher life expectancy. Obviously, flossing your teeth doesn't increase it.
The second argument is a classical cause/effect thing. I can't imagine that tooth diseases increase heart diseases by 100%, but I can very easily imagine that people with certain habits (eating lots of cheap unhealthy food with much fat and sugar) suffer from both.
Then again I don't know anything about this field, if there is any research that confirms your arguments I'd be surprised but interested.