That isn't how USB-PD works / a problem with USB itself, The device being charged controls the rate of charge: Sinks (in this case, your phone) request a voltage and current from the source, going off of a list of what the source reports that it supports. If the phone can only support say 10W charging it's going to request 10W of power regardless of how oversized the charger is.
set a maximum of a 1 hour charge speed and pop up a notification that allows the user to manually elect to supercharge the battery faster, imo. it shouldn't be an automatic "the charger supports it, imma nuke the battery", that just sounds like vendors speeding up the pace of planned obsolescence.
people always complain about this with wireless, that the heat from a 5W wireless charger is somehow damaging the battery and causing e-waste as a result, and yet you've got vendors who are bragging about how they're zapping a phone battery with a 140W charger to get a third of a charge in 5 minutes or whatever, that's terrible as a general practice.