The output tends to be written on the USB charger, and beyond that lots of places label "power delivery" on special ports as well. You might have bought a badly designed USB adapter that doesn't label that, but that at least is fixable (hell, by you with a sticker!)
And of course you can choose to charge your macbook with an iPad charger, but (surprise I guess?) you won't get a lot of power because the thing is rated for lower rates.
But if we compare to the past.... everything USB-like was charging at 5W. I don't think you will find any USB-C cable + charger that doesn't do that. So things are _by definition_ not worse for that.
For your laptop.... you used to have a proprietary connector or a barrel connector. Now you have a USB-C connector. Now granted, the confusion around the cables and chargers is true! So... put a sticker on it. You now have a proprietary connector again, and things are the same as before.
You can pretend to be in the good old days, and have the nice surprise of added benefits when you need to be. This is a _mathematical proof_ that things are better if you use some colored tape.
PS: since you're only mentioning charging.... we did standardise the charging protocols. The cables are the same and the charging protocols are the same. Just if you buy a weaker charger it will output less.