I think the biggest problem prisons have is that you collect large groups of criminals and let them hang out together. It breeds an even more concentrated form of criminal. Often times minor criminals need to join racist gangs just to survive which Is inhumane.
I think they should all be separated from each other. They should be put in single cells, and given access to as much education as they want, and just basically put on time out for weeks, months, years. Let them chat with their families and understand the hurt they did. Let them meditate on what they want to do with Their lives after. But keep them separated. It makes things safer for guards as well, lowering the tension.
What we are doing now is useless, inhumane, and counterproductive.